The invention pertains to a method for making a fluoropolymer dispersion, said method comprising an aqueous emulsion polymerization of one or more fluorinated monomers wherein said aqueous emulsion polymerization is carried out in an aqueous medium comprising a surfactant mixture [mixture (S)] comprising: at least one perfluorohexanoic acid or salt thereof [surfactant (C6)], in an amount of 1 to 5 g/I, with respect to said aqueous medium; and at least one linear bifunctional perfluoropolyether surfactant [surfactant (PFPE)] complying with formula (I) here below: XpOOC—CF.sub.2-0-(CF.sub.20) .sub.n(CF.sub.2CF.sub.20).sub.m-CF.sub.2—COOXp (I) wherein: Xp, equal to or different from each other, is a hydrogen atom, a monovalent metal, preferably an alkaline metal, or an ammonium group of formula —N(R′.sub.n).sub.4, wherein R′.sub.n, equal or different at each occurrence, is a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1-C.sub.6hydrocarbon group, preferably an alkyl group; n′ and m′ are independently integers >0 such that the number average molecular weight of the surfactant (PFPE) is of 500 to 2500, said surfactant (PFPE) being used in an amount of 0.005 to 0.5 g/I, with respect to said aqueous medium.

The invention pertains to a method for making a fluoropolymer dispersion, said method comprising an aqueous emulsion polymerization of one or more fluorinated monomers wherein said aqueous emulsion polymerization is carried out in an aqueous medium comprising a surfactant mixture [mixture (S)] comprising: at least one perfluorohexanoic acid or salt thereof [surfactant (C6)], in an amount of 1 to 5 g/I, with respect to said aqueous medium; and at least one linear bifunctional perfluoropolyether surfactant [surfactant (PFPE)] complying with formula (I) here below: XpOOC—CF.sub.2-0-(CF.sub.20) .sub.n(CF.sub.2CF.sub.20).sub.m-CF.sub.2—COOXp (I) wherein: Xp, equal to or different from each other, is a hydrogen atom, a monovalent metal, preferably an alkaline metal, or an ammonium group of formula —N(R′.sub.n).sub.4, wherein R′.sub.n, equal or different at each occurrence, is a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1-C.sub.6hydrocarbon group, preferably an alkyl group; n′ and m′ are independently integers >0 such that the number average molecular weight of the surfactant (PFPE) is of 500 to 2500, said surfactant (PFPE) being used in an amount of 0.005 to 0.5 g/I, with respect to said aqueous medium.

A process for producing a crosslinked polymer involves contacting an epoxidized unsaturated isoolefin copolymer with a catalytic amount of an acid in an absence of a solvent. A process for producing a hydroxylated unsaturated isoolefin copolymer involves contacting an epoxidized unsaturated isoolefin copolymer with a catalytic amount of an acid in an absence of a solvent. A hydroxylated unsaturated isoolefin copolymer having hydroxyl groups in endo configurations may be produced thereby.

A process for producing a crosslinked polymer involves contacting an epoxidized unsaturated isoolefin copolymer with a catalytic amount of an acid in an absence of a solvent. A process for producing a hydroxylated unsaturated isoolefin copolymer involves contacting an epoxidized unsaturated isoolefin copolymer with a catalytic amount of an acid in an absence of a solvent. A hydroxylated unsaturated isoolefin copolymer having hydroxyl groups in endo configurations may be produced thereby.

This disclosure relates to methods and compositions for treating a wafer having a pattern disposed on a surface of the wafer.

This disclosure relates to methods and compositions for treating a wafer having a pattern disposed on a surface of the wafer.

This disclosure relates to methods and compositions for treating a wafer having a pattern disposed on a surface of the wafer.

A process for producing a crosslinked polymer involves contacting an epoxidized unsaturated isoolefin copolymer with a catalytic amount of an acid in an absence of a solvent. A process for producing a hydroxylated unsaturated isoolefin copolymer involves contacting an epoxidized unsaturated isoolefin copolymer with a catalytic amount of an acid in an absence of a solvent. A hydroxylated unsaturated isoolefin copolymer having hydroxyl groups in endo configurations may be produced thereby.

A process for producing a crosslinked polymer involves contacting an epoxidized unsaturated isoolefin copolymer with a catalytic amount of an acid in an absence of a solvent. A process for producing a hydroxylated unsaturated isoolefin copolymer involves contacting an epoxidized unsaturated isoolefin copolymer with a catalytic amount of an acid in an absence of a solvent. A hydroxylated unsaturated isoolefin copolymer having hydroxyl groups in endo configurations may be produced thereby.

The disclosure provides a method for removing a C4-C20 hydrophilic compound. The method for removing a hydrophilic compound includes step (a) of exposing a composition containing a C4-C20 hydrophilic compound to 0.1 to 500 kGy of radiation to remove the hydrophilic compound.