The disclosure relates generally to black-to-transmissive electrochromic polymers having superior properties such as absorbance of across the entire visible spectrum and an obvious color change from black to transmissive with an applied voltage. The disclosure also relates to methods for synthesizing or using the same. Further, the disclosure also relates to black-to-transmissive electrochromic polymer thin films comprising the black-to-transmissive electrochromic polymers, as well as electrochromic devices comprising the black-to-transmissive electrochromic polymers or thin films.

The present invention relates to organic electroluminescent devices which comprise aromatic ring systems with two or three condensed rings as emitter materials, and to their possible uses.

An objective of the invention is to provide a high molecular weight material having excellent hole injectability and transportability, electron blockability, and high stability in a thin-film state. An objective of the invention is to provide an organic EL device including an organic layer (thin film) formed by the high molecular weight material and having high luminous efficiency and long lifetime. The invention relates to a high molecular weight compound including, as a repeating unit, a triarylamine structure represented by general formula (1) below. (In the formula, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 each independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyloxy group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyloxy group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted polyether group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms.)

##STR00001##

Biocidal polymers and compounds comprising detectable moieties, coatings including same, and methods of making and using the same for controlling the growth of at least one bacteria, fungi, protozoa, or virus are disclosed.

The present invention relates to compounds of the formula (1) and (2) which are suitable for use in electro?nic devices, in particular organic electroluminescent devices.

Compounds, polymer compositions, systems, and methods for determining a concentration of a polymer composition in a fluid. The polymer compositions may include a copolymer that includes a tagging monomer. The copolymer may have a molecular weight of at least 1,000,000 Da (Mw). Methods for synthesizing compounds and polymer compositions.

The invention provides for polyfluoreno[4,5-cde]oxepine conjugates and their use in methods of analyte detection.

The present invention relates to compounds of the formula (1) and (2) ##STR00001##
which are suitable for use in electronic devices, in particular organic electroluminescent devices.

This invention provides a luminescent composition comprising a polymer and at least one phosphorescent compound, characterized in that the electronic conjunction chain coefficient Z.sub.e of the main repeating minimum unit of the polymer falls within the following range: 0<Z.sub.e2.00 (1) wherein the electronic conjunction chain coefficient Z.sub.e is defined as a slope obtained by linear approximation of function T.sub.m=T.sub.m (1/n.sub.e) by the least square method wherein n.sub.e represents the number of conjugated electrons contained in repeating minimum units; and T.sub.m represents, for m-mer obtained by bonding repeating minimum units, the lowest triplet excitation energy in each m-mer when the number m is varied from 1 to 3 by one by one. Here in the number of conjugated electrons, only the conjugated electrons present in the main chain of the repeating minimum units are taken into consideration, provided that, when there are a plurality of main repeating minimum units, the minimum Z.sub.e is used.

Methods for preparing paintings containing an additional substance such as a substance selected from a nucleic acid, sand, soil, metal, cremated ash, ceramics, and plant tissue are described herein. The methods include applying paint comprising the additional subsance to a surface. The paintings may comprise an image that is visible under fluorescent light and contains that additional substance that is prepared by applying paint comprising the additional substance and at least one fluorescent compound to a surface to form the image. The additional substance and optionally the fluorescent compound may be encapsulated in a non-erodible polymer.