A novel heterocyclic compound that can be used as a host material in which a light-emitting substance is dispersed. A light-emitting element having a long lifetime. A heterocyclic compound in which a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzo[f,h]quinoxalinyl group is bonded to a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 25 carbon atoms which is bonded to any one of the 8-11 positions of a substituted or unsubstituted benzo[b]naphtho[1,2-d]furan skeleton.

The invention provides for polyfluoreno[4,5-cde]oxepine conjugates and their use in methods of analyte detection.

There is provided an electroactive material having Formula I ##STR00001##
wherein: Q is the same or different at each occurrence and can be O, S, Se, Te, NR, SO, SO.sub.2, or SiR.sub.3; R is the same or different at each occurrence and can be hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, alkenyl, or alkynyl; and R.sup.1 through R.sup.6 are the same or different and can be hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, halogen, hydroxyl, aryloxy, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl, amino, alkylthio, phosphino, silyl, COR, COOR, PO.sub.3R.sub.2, OPO.sub.3R.sub.2, or CN.

A double fluorescent particle comprises: a core with a first fluorescence; and a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) shell with a second fluorescence; wherein the MIP is an organic polymer comprising elements selected from the group consisting of: C, H, O, N, P, and S; wherein the MIP is adapted to selectively bind to a cell surface structure; wherein the first fluorescence is generated by an entity selected from the group consisting of: a carbon nanodot, an alkaline earth metal fluoride, a dye-doped polymer, a dye-doped stabilized micelle, a P-doti.e. a -conjugated polymer, a quantum dot doped polymer, a rare earth metal ion doped polymer, a dye-doped silica, a rare-earth ion doped silica, and a rare earth ion doped alkaline earth metal fluoride nanoparticle; wherein the second fluorescence is generated by an entity selected from the group consisting of: a dye, a molecular probe, an indicator, a probe monomer, an indicator monomer, and a cross-linker, and wherein the first and second fluorescence differ at least by an emission wavelength and/or by an excitation wavelength.

Provided are white lignin, a white lignin-polysaccharide complex, and methods for producing the same.

A method for producing white lignin or a white lignin-polysaccharide complex, including: (a) a step of bringing a plant biomass into contact with an alkaline solution to obtain an alkali-treated material; (b) a step of washing the alkali-treated material with a liquid to obtain a washed material; and (c) a step of bringing a solution containing an organic acid into contact with the washed material.

Ordered (e.g., self-assembled) structures, arranged from peptide nucleic acids and/or analogs thereof, are disclosed. The peptide nucleic acids forming the ordered structures comprise from 1 to 10 PNA backbone units, at least one comprising a guanine nucleobase or an analog thereof. Processes of generating the ordered structures, uses thereof and articles-of manufacturing, devices and systems containing same are also disclosed.

The present disclosure discloses a fluorescent starch nanocrystal and a preparation method and application thereof. Mainly based on the character that starch nanocrystal has an active hydroxyl group on the surface, the present disclosure introduces fluorescein isothiocyanate into the surface of the starch nanocrystal in the form of stable covalent bonds through a two-step chemical modification method: silane coupling and electrophilic addition of fluorescein, so as to prepare the starch nanocrystal with fluorescent properties. The preparation process of the present disclosure is simple and easy to operate, uses cheap and readily available raw materials, involves low cost, and allows the non-fluorescent starch nanocrystal to produce significant fluorescent properties without affecting the properties of the starch nanocrystal itself, thereby expanding the application of starch. Moreover, the fluorescent starch nanocrystal thus obtained has significant fluorescent properties, good biocompatibility and biodegradability, has application prospects in the fields of biosensor preparation, bioimaging marking and fluorescent analysis and detection, and can be further prepared into a novel nano-fluorescent probe with organic nano-particles as the matrix.

A compound represented by the following general formula is useful as a light emitting material. X represents an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom. R.sup.1 to R.sup.8 represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent, provided that at least one of R.sup.1 to R.sup.8 is a carbazolyl group, etc. ##STR00001##

Photoluminescent and electroluminescent compositions are provided which comprise a matrix comprising aromatic repeat units and a luminescent metal ion or luminescent metal ion complex. Methods for producing such compositions, and the electroluminescent devices formed therefrom, are disclosed.

The present specification relates to a color conversion film comprising a color conversion functional layer including a phase change material, and a backlight unit and a display apparatus including the color conversion film.