A photochromic hydroxyurethane compound of the present invention is characterized in that, on condition of having at least one photochromic moiety as the photochromic minimal unit in a molecule, it has a hydroxyurethane constitutional unit represented by Formula (1):
XOCONH(1)
In the formula, X is an oxygen-containing chain organic group having a hydroxyl group as a substituent, or a hydrogen atom in the hydroxyl group is substituted by any one of (A): a photochromic group having the photochromic moiety; (B): a polymerization reactive group having a polymerizable substituent; (C) an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; (D) a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms; or (E): an aryl group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms (each of the groups (C)-(E) can be bonded to an oxygen atom derived from the hydroxyl group via the oxygen-containing chain organic group).

Described herein is the preparation of a series of Cy5 phosphoramidites whereby the linker was shortened (n=2) or lengthened (n=4) to afford aggregates of dramatically different properties despite utilizing an identical DNA Holliday Junction or DNA duplex as the scaffold. Through the use of numerous spectroscopic methods (absorption, emission, circular dichroism, transient absorption, fluorescence lifetime) and molecular dynamics simulation, it was found that when n=2, J-like aggregation is unexpectedly preferential and when n=4, H-like aggregation is preferential. The shortened linker is of particular interest as the majority of previous aggregates formed by molecular scaffolding are H-like, or mixtures of H-like and J-like components, where these constructs can exhibit nearly pure J-like behavior. Conversely, the strength of the H-like behavior can be increased with incorporation of the longer, n=4, linker.

Compounds useful as fluorescent or colored dyes are disclosed. The compounds have the following structure (I): (I) or a stereoisomer, tautomer or salt thereof, wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, L.sup.1, L.sup.1a, L.sup.1b, L.sup.2, L.sup.3, L.sup.4, L.sup.5, L.sup.6, L.sup.7, M.sup.1, M.sup.2, m, n, q, and w are as defined herein. Methods associated with preparation and use of such compounds are also provided.

Provided are a compound capable of improving the light-emitting efficiency, stability, and lifespan of an element; an organic electronic element using the same; and an electronic device thereof.

A long-persistent luminescence emitter containing a polymer that contains, relative to the total molar amount of an electron donor structural unit and an electron acceptor structural unit therein, 70 mol % or more of an electron donor structural unit and less than 30 mol % of an electron acceptor structural unit, or containing a polymer that contains, relative to the total molar amount of an electron donor structural unit and an electron acceptor structural unit therein. 70 mol % or more of an electron acceptor structural unit and less than 30 mol % of an electron donor structural unit. The emission decay after stopping light irradiation to the emitter is power law decay.