A continuous bubbling fluid bed process converts biomass feedstocks into energy/heat, engineered biochar particles (including nanoparticles) and a vapor stream of organic compounds. The products have a multitude of applications determined by the specific conditions at which the process was operated, specifically controlling: temperature, catalysts, residence time, element and compound concentrations, and withdraw of products from various points in the system. The introduction of air, steam, and various gases into the vessel at selected locations and at controlled rates enables the economic, dependable and consistent production of these products.

A continuous bubbling fluid bed process converts biomass feedstocks into energy/heat, engineered biochar particles (including nanoparticles) and a vapor stream of organic compounds. The products have a multitude of applications determined by the specific conditions at which the process was operated, specifically controlling: temperature, catalysts, residence time, element and compound concentrations, and withdraw of products from various points in the system. The introduction of air, steam, and various gases into the vessel at selected locations and at controlled rates enables the economic, dependable and consistent production of these products.

A reactor is described which is useful for the generation of hydrocarbon products by thermochemical treatment. The reactor comprises a feeding means for the addition of feedstock material to the reactor; an outlet for the extraction of hydrocarbon products from the reactor; a devolatilization zone; and a cracking zone; wherein the devolatilization zone comprises a first gas distribution base plate for the generation of a fluidised bed of material in the devolatilization zone, the cracking zone comprises a second gas distribution base plate for the generation of a fluidised bed of material in the cracking zone, and the devolatilization zone is in fluid communication with the cracking zone through a plurality of apertures within the second gas distribution base plate permitting the passage of gas from the devolatilization zone into the cracking zone. Processes of producing hydrocarbon products by thermochemical treatment are also described. The hydrocarbon products may be useful as drop-in fuel products and/or chemical feedstock.

A reactor is described which is useful for the generation of hydrocarbon products by thermochemical treatment. The reactor comprises a feeding means for the addition of feedstock material to the reactor; an outlet for the extraction of hydrocarbon products from the reactor; a devolatilization zone; and a cracking zone; wherein the devolatilization zone comprises a first gas distribution base plate for the generation of a fluidised bed of material in the devolatilization zone, the cracking zone comprises a second gas distribution base plate for the generation of a fluidised bed of material in the cracking zone, and the devolatilization zone is in fluid communication with the cracking zone through a plurality of apertures within the second gas distribution base plate permitting the passage of gas from the devolatilization zone into the cracking zone. Processes of producing hydrocarbon products by thermochemical treatment are also described. The hydrocarbon products may be useful as drop-in fuel products and/or chemical feedstock.

The present disclosure generally relates to the utilization of a fine mineral matter in the process of upgrading the liquid products obtained by thermolysis or pyrolysis of solid plastic waste or biomass or from cracking, coking or visbreaking of petroleum feedstocks. More particularly, the present disclosure is directed to a process of stabilization of the free-radical intermediates formed during thermal or catalytic cracking of hydrocarbon feedstocks including plastic waste and on a process of catalytic in-situ heavy oil upgrading. The fine mineral matter may be derived from natural sources or from synthetic sources.

The present invention provides a system and a method for rapid pyrolysis of coal. The system comprises: a rapid pyrolysis reactor, which comprises: a reactor body defining a reaction space that forms a dispersion region, a pyrolysis region, and a discharge region from top to bottom; said dispersion region comprises: a material distributor; a coal inlet arranged above the material distributor; a material distribution gas inlet connected to the material distributor; said pyrolysis region comprises: multilayer regenerative radiant tubes, which are distributed at an interval in the height direction of the reactor body in the pyrolysis region, and each layer of regenerative radiant tubes consists of a plurality of regenerative radiant tubes distributed at an interval in the horizontal direction; said discharge region comprises: a semi-coke outlet; a plurality of pyrolysis gas outlets, which are arranged in the dispersion region and/or the pyrolysis region respectively; a slag cooler connected to the semi-coke outlet, and a cooling device connected to the pyrolysis gas outlet.

The present invention provides a system and a method for rapid pyrolysis of coal. The system comprises: a rapid pyrolysis reactor, which comprises: a reactor body defining a reaction space that forms a dispersion region, a pyrolysis region, and a discharge region from top to bottom; said dispersion region comprises: a material distributor; a coal inlet arranged above the material distributor; a material distribution gas inlet connected to the material distributor; said pyrolysis region comprises: multilayer regenerative radiant tubes, which are distributed at an interval in the height direction of the reactor body in the pyrolysis region, and each layer of regenerative radiant tubes consists of a plurality of regenerative radiant tubes distributed at an interval in the horizontal direction; said discharge region comprises: a semi-coke outlet; a plurality of pyrolysis gas outlets, which are arranged in the dispersion region and/or the pyrolysis region respectively; a slag cooler connected to the semi-coke outlet, and a cooling device connected to the pyrolysis gas outlet.

The present invention provides an apparatus for rapid pyrolysis reaction, which comprises: a reactor, which comprises a reactor body defining a reaction space that forms a dispersion region, a pyrolysis region, and a discharge region from top to bottom; multilayer-regenerative radiant tubes, which are distributed at an interval in the height direction of the reactor body in the pyrolysis region, and each layer of regenerative radiant tubes consists of a plurality of regenerative radiant tubes distributed at an interval in the horizontal direction, a material distributor; a material inlet arranged in the dispersion region above the material distributor; a material distribution gas inlet, which is arranged in the dispersion region and communicates with the material distributor so as to utilize a material distribution gas to blow out the material in the material distributor into the dispersion region, so that the material falls into the pyrolysis region uniformly; a plurality of pyrolysis gas outlets, which are arranged in the dispersion region and/or the pyrolysis region respectively; and a semi-coke outlet arranged in the discharge region.

The present invention provides an apparatus for rapid pyrolysis reaction, which comprises: a reactor, which comprises a reactor body defining a reaction space that forms a dispersion region, a pyrolysis region, and a discharge region from top to bottom; multilayer-regenerative radiant tubes, which are distributed at an interval in the height direction of the reactor body in the pyrolysis region, and each layer of regenerative radiant tubes consists of a plurality of regenerative radiant tubes distributed at an interval in the horizontal direction, a material distributor; a material inlet arranged in the dispersion region above the material distributor; a material distribution gas inlet, which is arranged in the dispersion region and communicates with the material distributor so as to utilize a material distribution gas to blow out the material in the material distributor into the dispersion region, so that the material falls into the pyrolysis region uniformly; a plurality of pyrolysis gas outlets, which are arranged in the dispersion region and/or the pyrolysis region respectively; and a semi-coke outlet arranged in the discharge region.

Processes for controlling afterburn in a reheater and loss of entrained solid particles in reheater flue gas are provided. Carbonaceous biomass feedstock is pyrolyzed using a heat transfer medium forming pyrolysis products and a spent heat transfer medium comprising combustible solid particles. The spent heat transfer medium is introduced into a fluidizing dense bed. The combustible solid particles of the spent heat transfer medium are combusted forming combustion product flue gas in a dilute phase above the fluidizing dense bed. The combustion product flue gas comprises flue gas and solid particles entrained therein. The solid particles are separated from the combustion product flue gas to form separated solid particles. At least a portion of the separated solid particles are returned to the fludizing dense bed.