The process is for thermally treating a feed material. The process comprises at least one step performed in a rotating kiln operating under positive pressure with a pressure control system and wherein in the process a sweep gas, that is an inert gas or a substantially non-reactive gas, is injected into the rotating kiln or in the feed stream entering the rotating operating kiln; or at least one step performed in a rotating kiln operating under positive pressure managing system; or at least one step performed in a rotating kiln wherein a sweep gas is injected in the rotating kiln or in the feed stream entering the rotating operating kiln. In step a), or in b) or in step c), the conditions of the thermal treatment are managed in order that the exit stream, after cooling, result in at least one liquid phase that is preferably essentially an oily liquid phase.

Systems and processes of providing novel thermal energy sources for hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) reactors are described herein. According to various implementations, the systems and processes use concentrated solar thermal energy from a focused high-energy beam to provide sufficient energy for driving the HTL biomass-to-biocrude process. In addition, other implementations convert biowaste, such as municipal biosolids and grease and food waste, to biocrude using anaerobic digesters, and a portion of the biogas generated by the digesters is used to produce the thermal and/or electrical energy used in the HTL reactor for the biomass-to-biocrude process. Furthermore, alternative implementations may include a hybrid system that uses biogas and solar radiation to provide sufficient thermal energy for the HTL reactor.

A method is disclosed of purifying a recycled or renewable organic material, wherein the recycled or renewable organic material includes more than 1 ppm silicon as silicon compounds and/or more than 10 ppm phosphorous as phosphorous compounds. The method can include providing a feed of the lipid material; heat treating the organic material in presence of an adsorbent and the filtering organic material and hydrotreating the lipid material in a presence of a hydrotreating catalyst to obtain purified hydrotreated organic material having less than 20% organic material and/or less than 30% of the original phosphorous content of the organic material.

A method for recovering base oil from waste lubricating oil by separating base oil range constituents from a waste lubricating oil mixture, thereafter separating higher quality base oil constituents and lower quality base oil constituents from the base oil recovered from the waste lubricating oil mixture and thereafter treating the lower quality base oil constituents to produce marketable base oil. The total base oil produced from a waste lubricating oil mixture by this process is greater than the quantity producible by previous processes using only base oil separation from the waste lubricating oil mixture or processes which use only treatment of the base oil recovered from the waste lubricating oil mixture to produce the product base oil.

Process and plant for producing hydrocarbon products from a feedstock originating from a renewable source, where a hydrogen-rich stream and on off-gas stream comprising hydrocarbons is formed. A portion of the hydrogen-rich stream is used as a recycle gas stream in a hydroprocessing stage for the production of said hydrocarbon products, and another portion may be used for hydrogen production, while the off-gas stream is treated to remove its H.sub.2S content and used as a recycle gas stream in the hydrogen producing unit, from which the hydrogen produced i.e. make-up hydrogen, is used in the hydroprocessing stage. The invention enables minimizing natural gas consumption in the hydrogen producing unit as well as steam reformer size.

An emergency distillation column is disclosed, connected to a plant wherein a main distillation column is present. Such connection occurs by means of by-pass of the pipes which supply said main column, which by-pass has stopping means of the liquid which allow the supply of said emergency column when the pressure drops downstream of the main column exceed a preset threshold value. Preferably, said stopping means are shut-off valves. A process of using the emergency is involves continuously measuring a pressure different between inflow and outflow of liquid being distilled and comparing the measured pressure against a dedicated threshold. A plant for the regeneration of waste oils is disclosed, comprising a distillation column, which furthermore comprises the emergency distillation column as disclosed herein.

Processes for separating conjunct polymer from an organic phase are described. A mixture comprising an ionic liquid phase and the organic phase into the ionic phase and an organic phase comprising the conjunct polymer and at least one silyl or boryl compound. The organic phase is separated in a fractionation column into an overhead fraction comprising unreacted silane or borane compound and a bottoms fraction comprising the conjunct polymer and the silyl or boryl compound. The bottoms fraction is passed through an adsorption zone, and the silyl or boryl compound is recovered. Alternatively, the organic phase is passed through an adsorption zone first to remove the conjunct polymer and then a fractionation zone to separate the unreacted silane or borane compound from the silyl or boryl compound.

A method is disclosed of purifying a recycled or renewable organic material, wherein the recycled or renewable organic material contains more than 20 ppm Cl. Exemplary methods include (a) providing the recycled or renewable organic material; (b) purifying the organic recycled or renewable organic material to obtain a purified recycled or renewable organic material, and (c) hydrotreating the purified recycled or renewable organic material in a presence of a hydrotreating catalyst at a temperature from 270 to 380° C. under pressure from 4 to 20 MPa and under continuous hydrogen flow; to obtain purified hydrotreated recycled or renewable organic material.

The present invention is characterized by comprising: a main unit which incorporates a fuel-inflow port for fuel oil supply, a fuel-discharge port for discharging fuel oil that has finished being refined and a drainage discharge pipe for collecting and discharging untreated fuel oil, and a sludge box for storing sludge that has been separated out from the fuel oil; an ultrasound tank which receives fuel oil supplied from the fuel-inflow port, and adjusts the particle size of the fuel oil and the viscosity and surface tension of the fuel oil by means of ultrasound; a vacuum chamber which receives fuel oil supplied from the ultrasound tank, and of which the inside is maintained in a vacuum state such that the specific volume and the surface area of the fuel oil are maximized via a baffle panel; a water-fraction elimination tank of which one side is connected to the vacuum chamber and the other side is connected to a vacuum pump, and which eliminates the water fraction from the fuel oil by using air heated to a high temperature and the reduced pressure of the vacuum state created due to the vacuum chamber; an oil-refining filter which receives fuel oil supplied from the vacuum chamber and filters the received supply of fuel oil by means of centrifugation so as to trap sludge contained in the fuel oil; an ion chamber which eliminates and bums particles including fine foreign matter remaining in the fuel oil in the state after the sludge has been eliminated; and a control panel which is constituted on one surface of the main unit, sets the operating conditions of the ultrasound tank, vacuum chamber and water-fraction elimination tank, and controls whether to provide power for refining the fuel oil.

A carbon offset credit calculation system utilizing waste oil includes a first terminal device inputting information relating to waste oil regarded as a biomass resource; a second terminal device owned by a fuel manufactory and inputting information relating to biofuel, which is purified from waste oil. The fuel manufactory produces the biofuel based on the waste oil. The system includes a third terminal device owned by a site consuming biofuel and inputting information relating to power generation and fuel consumption; and a carbon offset credit calculation server, which calculates a carbon offset amount based on information input by the first terminal device, the second terminal device, and the third terminal device, and calculates a carbon offset credit based on the carbon offset amount. The first terminal device, the second terminal device, the third terminal device, and the carbon offset credit calculation server are connected to one another via the network.