Multi-use biosensors are disclosed that include enzymes that have been modified to reduce the solubility thereof; the multi-use biosensors are used to detect analytes in fluidic biological samples, and the biosensors also maintain their enzyme activity after many uses. Multi-sensor arrays are disclosed that include multiple biosensors. Also disclosed are methods of producing and using these devices.

Analyte sensors and methods for fabricating analyte sensors and analyte sensing layers are presented here. In accordance with certain embodiments, a method for fabricating an analyte sensor includes providing a base layer and forming a conductive layer over the base layer. Further, the method includes forming an analyte sensing layer disposed over the conductive layer. The analyte sensing layer includes glucose oxidase entrapped within a thermally-cured polymer matrix and within a UV-cured polymer matrix.

Disclosed herein is a device that functions as a glucose sensor. The device has a reference electrode; a counter electrode, a working electrode; an electrically conducting membrane; an enzyme layer; a semi-permeable membrane; a first layer of a first hydrogel in operative communication with the working electrode; the first layer of the first hydrogel being operative to store oxygen; wherein the amount of stored oxygen is proportional to the number of freeze-thaw cycles that the hydrogel is subjected to; and a second layer of the second hydrogel. Disclosed too is a method that comprises using periodically biased amperometry towards interrogation of implantable glucose sensors to improve both sensor's sensitivity and linearity while at the same time enable internal calibration against sensor drifts that originate from changes in either electrode activity or membrane permeability as a result of fouling, calcification and/or fibrosis.

Fabrication of a high sensitivity potentiometric biosensor is described. The present inventors have developed and characterized a novel amplification platform using a gold nanoparticle (GNPs) electrodeposition method. The synthesized GNP sizes were found to be dependent of HAuCl.sub.4 concentration, media acid, scan cycles and scan rate. A systematic investigation into the adsorption of different sizes of proteins from aqueous electrolyte solution onto the electrodeposited GNPs surface by the potentiometric method was performed. Results suggest that the size of different proteins affect how they bond to different sizes of GNPs. This GNPs-based biosensor can retain the native-like structure of proteins, and successfully detect proteins at a high sensitivity level. The resulting glucose and immune biosensors also exhibit low detection limit and wide linear range. This improvement to potentiometric devices enables them to serve as highly sensitive detectors for biomolecules and provides a model that can be used to predict protein bonding on nanoparticles.

The present invention relates generally to devices for measuring an analyte in a host. More particularly, the present invention relates to devices for measurement of glucose in a host that incorporate a cellulosic-based resistance domain.

Embodiments of the invention provide an in-situ polymerization technique for creating a glucose sensor chemistry stack. An analyte sensor comprises a crosslinked polymer matrix in contact with an electrode. The crosslinked polymer matrix is formed by exposing ultraviolet (UV) light to a polymer matrix mixture comprising a plurality of hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) monomers, one or more di-acrylate crosslinkers, one or more UV photoinitiators, and an oxidoreductase. The oxidoreductase is covalently linked to the crosslinked polymer matrix. In typical embodiments, the oxidoreductase is a glucose oxidase-acrylate bioconjugate. In one or more embodiments, the analyte sensor apparatus further comprises a glucose limiting membrane positioned over the crosslinked polymer matrix. The glucose limiting membrane is formed by exposing ultraviolet (UV) light to a glucose limiting membrane mixture comprising a plurality of hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) monomers, one or more di-acrylate crosslinkers, one or more UV photoinitiators, ethylene glycol, and water.

The present invention relates generally to devices for measuring an analyte in a host. More particularly, the present invention relates to devices for measurement of glucose in a host that incorporate a cellulosic-based resistance domain.

An electrochemical biosensor using a sensing system includes a working electrode including an active surface modified through a linker; and an auxiliary electrode. The sensor has a high current value compared with an existing sensor and retains excellent stability and sensitivity, and thus can be expected to be easily used for sensing various kinds of biomaterials.

Disclosed herein is a device that functions as a glucose sensor. The device has a reference electrode; a counter electrode, a working electrode; an electrically conducting membrane; an enzyme layer; a semi-permeable membrane; a first layer of a first hydrogel in operative communication with the working electrode; the first layer of the first hydrogel being operative to store oxygen; wherein the amount of stored oxygen is proportional to the number of freeze-thaw cycles that the hydrogel is subjected to; and a second layer of the second hydrogel. Disclosed too is a method that comprises using periodically biased amperometry towards interrogation of implantable glucose sensors to improve both sensor's sensitivity and linearity while at the same time enable internal calibration against sensor drifts that originate from changes in either electrode activity or membrane permeability as a result of fouling, calcification and/or fibrosis.

The present disclosure relates to methods of creating a biosensor. A palladium film is deposited onto a surface of a substrate. The palladium film is then treated with an air plasma to stabilize the palladium and reduce or eliminate its catalytic activity. The biosensor is created from the treated palladium film and the substrate.