A membrane electrode assembly includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and an anion exchange membrane disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The first electrode includes a first metal mesh, a first catalyst layer wrapping the first metal mesh, a second metal mesh, and a second catalyst layer wrapping the second metal mesh. The first metal mesh is disposed between the anion exchange membrane and the second metal mesh. The second metal mesh is thicker than the first metal mesh, and the first catalyst layer is thicker than the second catalyst layer. The second catalyst layer is iron, cobalt, manganese, zinc, niobium, molybdenum, ruthenium, platinum, gold, or aluminum. The second catalyst layer is crystalline.

A membrane electrode assembly includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and an anion exchange membrane disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The first electrode includes a first metal mesh, a first catalyst layer wrapping the first metal mesh, a second metal mesh, and a second catalyst layer wrapping the second metal mesh. The first metal mesh is disposed between the anion exchange membrane and the second metal mesh. The second metal mesh is thicker than the first metal mesh, and the first catalyst layer is thicker than the second catalyst layer. The second catalyst layer is iron, cobalt, manganese, zinc, niobium, molybdenum, ruthenium, platinum, gold, or aluminum. The second catalyst layer is crystalline.

An electrochemical electrode according to the present invention may prevent agglomeration and desorption of a catalyst even when a catalyst in a particle form is used, because a protective layer containing hydrogel is used, such that stability may be secured, thereby implementing an electrode having a long duration.

Disclosed are a photoelectrochemical electrode and a method of manufacturing the same, which enable mass production at low cost. The photoelectrochemical electrode manufactured by forming a transition metal dichalcogenide layer on all or part of the surface of a porous substrate includes a porous substrate and a metal dichalcogenide layer on all or part of the surface of the porous substrate, thus improving photoelectrode characteristics and photocatalytic efficiency.

Disclosed are a photoelectrochemical electrode and a method of manufacturing the same, which enable mass production at low cost. The photoelectrochemical electrode manufactured by forming a transition metal dichalcogenide layer on all or part of the surface of a porous substrate includes a porous substrate and a metal dichalcogenide layer on all or part of the surface of the porous substrate, thus improving photoelectrode characteristics and photocatalytic efficiency.

The present technology relates to an electrode for electrolysis which has a coating layer containing an ytterbium oxide, wherein the electrode for electrolysis of the present technology is characterized by exhibiting excellent durability and improved overvoltage. Further, the present technology relates to a method of preparing an electrode for electrolysis which includes: applying a coating composition on at least one surface of a metal base, and coating by drying and heat-treating the metal base on which the coating composition has been applied, wherein the coating composition includes a ruthenium precursor and an ytterbium precursor.

This invention relates to a device for the electrolytic production of hydrogen and oxygen from a water-containing liquid, the device comprising: an anodic half-cell (3) and a cathodic half-cell (4), with an anion exchange membrane (9) situated between the two half-cells. The electrodes (7, 8) of the half-cells (3, 4) and the anion exchange membrane (9) form a membrane/electrode assembly (MEA). There is also provided means (2) for feeding the water-containing liquid to only one of the anodic half-cell (3) and the cathodic half-cell (4), wherein the electrode in the other, substantially dry, half-cell is ionomer-free and/or binder-free.

This invention relates to a device for the electrolytic production of hydrogen and oxygen from a water-containing liquid, the device comprising: an anodic half-cell (3) and a cathodic half-cell (4), with an anion exchange membrane (9) situated between the two half-cells. The electrodes (7, 8) of the half-cells (3, 4) and the anion exchange membrane (9) form a membrane/electrode assembly (MEA). There is also provided means (2) for feeding the water-containing liquid to only one of the anodic half-cell (3) and the cathodic half-cell (4), wherein the electrode in the other, substantially dry, half-cell is ionomer-free and/or binder-free.

A method for preparing bismuth oxide nanowire films by heating in an upside down position includes: washing a substrate, and fixing the substrate to a substrate support in a magnetron sputtering system in a position where an electrically conductive surface of the substrate faces downwards; placing a bismuth target, which is adhered to a copper backing plate, on a sputtering head in the magnetron sputtering system; performing direct current magnetron sputtering to form a bismuth film on the electrically conductive surface of the substrate; and regulating a heating temperature to maintain the bismuth film in a semi-molten state, and providing a predetermined oxygen gas concentration to form the bismuth oxide nanowire film.

An electrode for an electrochemical reaction bath has a base body, an active side which is configured to come into contact with the reaction bath, and a passive side which is configured to come into contact with at least one electrical conductor. The passive side includes a doped carbon coating that is preferably less than 5 μm in thickness. Preferably the doped carbon coating is a doped polycrystalline diamond coating in sp.sup.3 configuration and is doped with boron.