A method of treating feed water includes adding a metal component to the feed water to form a clarified aqueous composition.

An upright reactor body with a perforated interior tube member which extends for the length of the reactor body. A water inlet permits water to be treated into the perforated tube member. A fibrous metal anode surrounds the perforated tube member followed by a surrounding layer of dielectric and then a surrounding metal cathode layer, wherein water from the inlet passes radially through the perforations in the tube member, through the anode, dielectric and cathode members, emerging from the reactor body through an outlet. A DC voltage is imposed on the cathode and anode.

The present invention relates to a zinc ion water treatment device comprising: a zinc block having a plurality of through holes in the body thereof; and a fluororesin block having another plurality of through holes, wherein the side surface of the fluororesin block is provided in concave and convex forms.

A method of treating contaminated water includes contacting the contaminated water including a fluoroalkyl compound with a galvanic cell to form galvanic cell-treated water including a galvanic cell-treated fluoroalkyl compound. The method also includes separating the galvanic cell-treated fluoroalkyl compound from the galvanic cell-treated water to form product water having a lower concentration of the fluoroalkyl compound than the contaminated water and to form an aqueous concentrate having a higher concentration of the galvanic cell-treated fluoroalkyl compound than the product water.

A method of treating an aqueous composition includes immersing a galvanic cell in the aqueous composition to form a treated aqueous composition. The galvanic cell includes an anode including Mg, Al, Fe, Zn, or a combination thereof. The galvanic cell includes a cathode having a different composition than the anode, the cathode including Cu, Ni, Fe, or a combination thereof.

A method of treating contaminated water includes contacting the contaminated water including a fluoroalkyl compound with a galvanic cell to form galvanic cell-treated water including a galvanic cell-treated fluoroalkyl compound. The method also includes separating the galvanic cell-treated fluoroalkyl compound from the galvanic cell-treated water to form product water having a lower concentration of the fluoroalkyl compound than the contaminated water and to form an aqueous concentrate having a higher concentration of the galvanic cell-treated fluoroalkyl compound than the product water.

Various embodiments relate to methods and systems for removing phosphorus and/or nitrogen from water. A method of removing phosphorus and nitrogen from water includes passing starting material water including nitrogen and phosphorus through an elevated pH phosphorus removal stage. The method includes passing the water through an electrolytic nitrogen removal stage. The method includes passing the water through a galvanic phosphorus removal stage. The water produced by the method has a lower phosphorus concentration and a lower nitrogen concentration than the starting material water.

A galvanic system for iron dissolution in an aquatic environment comprises an anode structure including one or more pieces of iron or iron alloy; a cathode structure including a buoyant component and a first metal layer coated on the buoyant component, the first metal layer having a higher potential than the one or more pieces of iron or iron alloy; one or more wires electrically connect the first metal layer of the cathode structure to the one or more pieces of iron or iron alloy of the anode structure, wherein the anode structure and a portion of the first metal layer are operably submerged in the aquatic environment. The anode structure may further include a rack holder having multiple slots for separately holding the one or more pieces of iron or iron alloy. The cathode structure may further include a noble metal layer coated on the first metal layer.

An antimicrobial article includes a supporting layer and an antimicrobial layer. The antimicrobial layer has a first major surface at least partially formed by a plurality of particles and a second major surface coupled to the supporting layer. Each particle of the plurality of particles is formed by a bead of nonconductive material. A first set of the particles include beads coated by a first conductive material.

A method of treating feed water includes adding a metal component to the feed water to form a clarified aqueous composition.