The compound represented by formula (1):

##STR00001##

wherein A, B, R.sup.1, and R.sup.2 are as defined in the description,
provides organic electroluminescence (EL) devices having a high emission efficiency when operated at low voltage and a long lifetime and electronic devices including such organic EL devices.

The compound represented by formula (1):

##STR00001##

wherein A, B, R.sup.1, and R.sup.2 are as defined in the description,
provides organic electroluminescence (EL) devices having a high emission efficiency when operated at low voltage and a long lifetime and electronic devices including such organic EL devices.

Provided is an organic electroluminescent element having high efficiency, a long lifetime, and bending resistance. An organic electroluminescent element includes a light emitting layer and an electron transport layer adjacent to the light emitting layer between a positive electrode and a negative electrode. A host compound of the light emitting layer has an ionization potential deeper than that of a light emitting dopant of the light emitting layer by 0.3 eV or more. At least one organic compound contained in the electron transport layer has a molecular dipole moment of 6.0 debye or more.

Provided is an organic electroluminescent element having high efficiency, a long lifetime, and bending resistance. An organic electroluminescent element includes a light emitting layer and an electron transport layer adjacent to the light emitting layer between a positive electrode and a negative electrode. A host compound of the light emitting layer has an ionization potential deeper than that of a light emitting dopant of the light emitting layer by 0.3 eV or more. At least one organic compound contained in the electron transport layer has a molecular dipole moment of 6.0 debye or more.

Disclosed are compounds of Formula (I) or a salt or prodrug thereof, wherein: X is CR.sub.4a or N; Y is CR.sub.4b or N; Z is CR.sub.4d or N; provided that zero or 1 of X, Y, and Z is N; and R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4a, R.sub.4b, R.sub.4c, and R.sub.4d are define herein. Also disclosed are methods of using such compounds as modulators of IRAK4, and pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds. These compounds are useful in treating, preventing, or slowing inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, or in the treatment of cancer.

##STR00001##

Disclosed are compounds of Formula (I) or a salt or prodrug thereof, wherein: X is CR.sub.4a or N; Y is CR.sub.4b or N; Z is CR.sub.4d or N; provided that zero or 1 of X, Y, and Z is N; and R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4a, R.sub.4b, R.sub.4c, and R.sub.4d are define herein. Also disclosed are methods of using such compounds as modulators of IRAK4, and pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds. These compounds are useful in treating, preventing, or slowing inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, or in the treatment of cancer.

##STR00001##

A process for the preparation of a complex of formula (I): the process comprising the step of reacting a complex of formula (II) or a complex of formula RuX.sub.3.H.sub.2O (IV) with a bidentate ligand of formula (III) wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, R.sub.6, R.sub.7, R.sub.8, R.sub.9, R.sub.10, A, B, and X are described in the specification; the molar ratio of the complex of formula (II): the bidentate ligand of formula (III) is about 1:6 to about 1:8 or the molar ratio of the complex of formula (IV): the bidentate ligand of formula (III) is about 1:3 to about 1:4; and the process is carried out in water or a water-based solvent, wherein the water-based solvent comprises at least 60% water (by volume) and an organic solvent, at one or more temperatures in the range of about 80° C. to 110° C.

##STR00001##

An organic electroluminescent device, which has a pair of electrodes and at least one organic layer including a luminescent layer between the pair of electrodes, wherein at least one layer between the pair of electrodes comprises at least one metal complex having a tridentate- or higher polydentate-chain structure ligand.

An organic electroluminescent device, which has a pair of electrodes and at least one organic layer including a luminescent layer between the pair of electrodes, wherein at least one layer between the pair of electrodes comprises at least one metal complex having a tridentate- or higher polydentate-chain structure ligand.

This invention relates to multi-color electrochromic devices and to methods of use thereof. The invention also relates to a process of preparation of the electrochromic devices.