Disclosed is a rare earth complex including: one or a plurality of rare earth ions; and a ligand forming a coordinate bond with the rare earth ions. At least a part of the rare earth ions are at least one kind selected from the group consisting of lutetium(III) ions, yttrium(III) ions, and gadolinium(III) ions. The ligand includes a residue obtained by removing one or more hydrogen atoms from a fluorescent condensed polycyclic aromatic compound.

The present specification relates to a heterocyclic compound represented by Chemical Formula 1, and an organic light emitting device including the same.

There are provided a compound represented by general formula (1), a photopolymerization initiator comprising this compound, a photocurable composition having this photopolymerization initiator and a photocurable compound as essential components, and a cured product formed by curing this photocurable composition, wherein in formula (1), R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each independently represents an alkyl group or the like; R.sup.3 to R.sup.5 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or the like; X.sup.1 represents a single bond or an alkylene group; and X.sup.2 represents a bonding group represented by general formulas (2) to (4), and wherein n represents an integer of 1 to 6, when n is an integer of 1, Y represents an alkyl group, an aryl group or the like.

The invention provides novel phosphorus imidazoquinoline amine derivatives, having agonistic activities to Toll-like receptors (TLRs), in particular TLR7 and/or TLR8, pharmaceutical compositions thereof, and methods of treatment, reduction or prevention of certain diseases or conditions mediated by or associated with TLR7 and/or TLR8, e.g., cancer, graft rejection, autoimmunity, inflammation allergy, asthma, infection, sepsis, and immunodeficiency.

A phosphorus-containing silane compound has a structure of SiR.sub.1(R.sub.2).sub.n(R.sub.3).sub.3-n, wherein R.sub.1 is a phenyl group, R.sub.2 is a vinyl group, R.sub.3 each independently is a structure of Formula (I) or Formula (II), and n is 1 or 2. Moreover, a method of making the phosphorus-containing silane compound, a resin composition including the phosphorus-containing silane compound and a resin additive and an article made from the resin composition are described. The article includes a prepreg, a resin film, a laminate or a printed circuit board, wherein one or more properties including Z-axis ratio of thermal expansion, copper foil peeling strength, inner resin flow, branch-like pattern, dielectric constant, dissipation factor and flame retardancy may be improved.

##STR00001##

A light emitting element includes a first electrode, a second electrode disposed on the first electrode, and an emission part disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and including a first emission layer and a second emission layer disposed on the first emission layer, the first emission layer may include a first host, and a first dopant, and the second emission layer may include a hole transport host different from the first host, an electron transport host, and a second dopant. A first hole mobility of the first host may be in a range of about 5.0×10.sup.−6 cm.sup.2/Vs to about 1.0×10.sup.−3 cm.sup.2/Vs, a second hole mobility of a host mixture including the hole transport host and the electron transport host may be in a range of about 1.0×10.sup.−6 cm.sup.2/Vs to about 1.0×10.sup.−4 cm.sup.2/Vs, and the first hole mobility may be larger than the second hole mobility.

Indole derivatives as alpha-1-antitrypsin modulators for treating alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD).

Disclosed is a rare earth complex having a rare earth ion and a phosphine oxide ligand that is coordinated with the rare earth ion and is represented by the following formula (I):

##STR00001## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, and R.sup.6 each independently represent an alkyl group which may have a substituent.

Disclosed is a rare earth complex having a rare earth ion and a phosphine oxide ligand that is coordinated with the rare earth ion and is represented by the following formula (I):

##STR00001## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, and R.sup.6 each independently represent an alkyl group which may have a substituent.

Provided are a condensed cyclic compound represented by Formula 1, an organic light-emitting device including the same, and an electronic apparatus including the organic light-emitting device.

##STR00001##

The detailed description of Formula 1 is the same as described in the present specification.