The liquid crystal display element includes: two transparent substrates; a liquid crystal composition sandwiched between the two transparent substrates and containing one or two or more liquid crystal compounds; and a polymer or copolymer that is included in the liquid crystal composition, the polymer or copolymer being a cured product of a polymerizable composition that contains one or two or more polymerizable compounds and a photopolymerization initiator having a maximum absorption wavelength peak at 310 nm to 380 nm. The content of the polymerizable composition is 1% by mass or more and less than 40% by mass based on the total weight of the polymerizable composition and the liquid crystal composition.

Provided are a composition for forming an underlayer film for imprinting, including a curable component, and a particulate metal which has a particle diameter of 10 nm or larger, as measured by a single particle ICP-MASS method, and contains at least one kind of iron, copper, titanium, or lead, in which a content of the particulate metal is 50 ppt by mass to 10 ppb by mass with respect to the composition; a method for producing a composition for forming an underlayer film for imprinting; a pattern producing method; a method for manufacturing a semiconductor element; a cured product; and a kit.

Provided are a composition for forming an underlayer film for imprinting, including a curable component, and a particulate metal which has a particle diameter of 10 nm or larger, as measured by a single particle ICP-MASS method, and contains at least one kind of iron, copper, titanium, or lead, in which a content of the particulate metal is 50 ppt by mass to 10 ppb by mass with respect to the composition; a method for producing a composition for forming an underlayer film for imprinting; a pattern producing method; a method for manufacturing a semiconductor element; a cured product; and a kit.

A composition for ultraviolet light intensity detection comprises nematic mixed crystals, chiral additives, cholesteric liquid crystals, azobenzene monomers, photopolymerizable monomers and a photoinitiators. When preparing a film having the composition, the steps include mixing each of components of the composition and spreading out the mixture to form a pre-formed film of the mixture, and irradiating the pre-formed film by light to form a film for ultraviolet light intensity detection.

The present invention provides photopolymer compositions for 3D printing which have low viscosity, proper curing rate, low volume shrinkage, and low ash content. Such compositions may be used in 3D printing for direct investment casting of products and rapid prototyping.

The present invention provides photopolymer compositions for 3D printing which have low viscosity, proper curing rate, low volume shrinkage, and low ash content. Such compositions may be used in 3D printing for direct investment casting of products and rapid prototyping.

The present invention provides photopolymer compositions for 3D printing which have low viscosity, proper curing rate, low volume shrinkage, and low ash content. Such compositions may be used in 3D printing for direct investment casting of products and rapid prototyping.

The present invention provides photopolymer compositions for 3D printing which have low viscosity, proper curing rate, low volume shrinkage, and low ash content. Such compositions may be used in 3D printing for direct investment casting of products and rapid prototyping.

This invention relates to colored polymer, a process for their preparation, electrophoretic fluids comprising such particles, and electrophoretic display devices comprising such fluids.

This invention relates to colored polymer, a process for their preparation, electrophoretic fluids comprising such particles, and electrophoretic display devices comprising such fluids.