A polyalkyleneoxy polyol (P) has an average nominal functionality in the range of 2 to 8; a hydroxy number in the range of 10 to 500 mg KOH/g measured according to ASTM method D4272; and a weight average molecular weight in the range of 500 to 25,000 measured using GPC with polystyrene standard and tetrahydrofuran as solvent. The polyol (P) contains ethyleneoxy in an amount in the range of 50 to 95 wt. %, based on the overall weight of the polyol (P).

The present invention aims to solve the above mentioned problems by providing a new azeotrope-like composition that can be used for a wide range of industrial purposes. The provision of an azeotrope-like composition including 93.0-99.0 weight percent Z-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-buteine and 0.1-7 weight percent isopropanol.

The invention relates to a method of preparing sub-micron biocarbon materials using biomass that is chemically modified with organic or inorganic agents including but not limited to acrylamide, glycine, urea, glycerol, bio-glycerol, corn syrup, succinic acid, and sodium bicarbonate. The use of foaming and heating methodologies which could be either pre or post carbonization and subsequent particle size reduction methodologies for the creation of cost-competitive sub-micron biocarbon particles and fibers for a variety of applications.

A polymer containing a carboxyl group, a preparation method and an application thereof, a supported catalyst and a preparation method thereof and preparation methods of penem antibiotic intermediate are disclosed. The polymer has high rigidity and hardness, thus the mechanical properties of the polymer is effectively improved. Meanwhile, in the polymer, the carboxyl group is used as a main functional group, and is used as a carrier to prepare, by means of a coordination reaction between the carboxyl group and a heavy metal, a supported metal catalyst which has better connection stability between the metal and the polymer. The above two factors can improve the stability of the supported metal catalyst, such that the catalyst can be recycled without losing the catalytic activity. Meanwhile, loss of a heavy metal active ingredient and production cost can be reduced.

An aerosol can configuration includes an outer can, an inner container and a spray head with a discharge element. The spray head has an outlet valve connected to the interior of the outer can and an outlet valve connected to the interior of the inner container. The two outlet valves are opened jointly by pressing on the spray head, so that the contents of the outer can and the contents of the inner container jointly enter the discharge element. To form a foam, the outer can contains at least 30-70% by weight isocyanate, in particular diphenylmethane 4,4-diisocyanate, 3-15% by weight polyol with an OH number of less than 300, and 5-30% by weight liquid gas at a critical temperature of +70 C. At least 5-30% by weight polyol with an OH number of more than 300, and 1-10% by weight liquid gas with a critical temperature of +70 C. are contained in the inner container.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, predominantly closed cell polymer foams are provided which comprise less than 13.5% Z-1336mzz, carbon dioxide and one or more of methyl formate, methylal and trans-dichloroethylene and has a k factor of less than 0.147 BTU-in/hr-ft.sup.2- F. The cellular polymer foam is foamed polyurethane or foamed polyisocyanurate, depending on the identity of the polyisocyanate and active hydrogen-containing compound reactants and their relative amounts. Active hydrogen means that the hydrogen is reactive with the isocyanate of the polyisocyanate reactant. The active hydrogen-containing compound contains at least two groups that contain active hydrogen (atoms) that is reactive with isocyanate. The polyurethane and polyisocyanurate reaction products (foamed) resulting from the process of the present invention are polymers. The reaction product can be a mixture of these polymers.

The invention is directed to methods of preparing compositions used to manufacture polyurethane foams. The invention provides methods for making compositions used to make polyurethane foams that include amine catalysts, but formulated such that catalytic potency is not diminished over time before the forming of a foam.

The invention refers to a method for producing expanded polymer pellets, which comprises the following steps: melting a polymer comprising a polyamide; adding at least one blowing agent; expanding the melt through at least one die for producing an expanded polymer; and pelletizing the expanded polymer. The invention further concerns polymer pellets produced with the method as well as their use, e.g. for the production of cushioning elements for sports apparel, such as for producing soles or parts of soles of sports shoes. A further aspect of the invention concerns a method for the manufacture of molded components, comprising loading pellets of an expanded to polymer material into a mold, and connecting the pellets by providing heat energy, wherein the expanded polymer material of the pellets or beads comprises a chain extender. The molded components may be used in broad ranges of application.

The present application discloses biodegradable cellulose acetate foam, wherein the foam has a density of from 0.01 to 0.9 g/cm.sup.3, an average foam cell size between 0.05 mm to 1.0 mm, and wherein the Rrms surface area roughness is from 0.01 to 500 microns. The present application also discloses compositions that can be used to prepare the foam.

Disclosed is a process for preparing a thermoplastic polymer foam. The process includes providing a molten foamable composition including a thermoplastic polymer and a blowing agent. The blowing agent includes from about 2.0 to about 7.0 parts by weight per hundred resin of the thermoplastic polymer (phr) of 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene (HFO-1336mzz) and from about 0.73 to about 15.37 phr of methyl formate. At least 50%, by weight, of the HFO-1336mzz is E-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene (E-HFO-1336mzz). The thermoplastic polymer is a polystyrene homopolymer, a polystyrene copolymer, a styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, a polyethylene, a polypropylene, or a blend thereof. The process also includes extruding the molten foamable composition to produce the thermoplastic polymer foam. The thermoplastic polymer foam has a plurality of cells with at least 80% of the cells being closed cells. The thermoplastic polymer foam is essentially free of structural defects. A thermoplastic polymer foam includes a thermoplastic polymer and a blowing agent.