Parts made by additive manufacturing are often structural in nature, rather than having functional properties conveyed by a polymer or other component present therein. Printed parts having piezoelectric properties may be formed using compositions comprising a plurality of piezoelectric particles and a polymer material comprising at least one thermoplastic polymer and at least one thermally curable polymer precursor. At a sufficient temperature, the at least one thermally curable polymer precursor may undergo a reaction, optionally also undergoing a reaction with the piezoelectric particles, and form an at least partially cured printed part. The piezoelectric particles may be mixed with the polymer material and remain substantially non-agglomerated when combined with the polymer material. The compositions may define a form factor such as a composite filament, a composite pellet, or an extrudable composite paste, which may be utilized in forming printed part by extrusion, layer-by-layer deposition, and thermal curing.

A wavelength converting includes a diffused-reflecting layer, a substrate, a photoluminescence layer, and a binder. The diffused-reflecting layer has a first surface and a second surface facing away from each other. The substrate is over the first surface of the diffused-reflecting layer. The photoluminescence layer is over the second surface of the diffused-reflecting layer. The binder is mixed at least in the photoluminescence layer or at least in the diffused-reflecting layer, the binder includes a structural unit represented by formula (1), and a characteristic absorption band in a Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectrum of silicon-oxygen-silicon bonds (Si—O—Si bonds) in the binder is from 900 cm.sup.−1 to 1250 cm.sup.−1, ##STR00001##
in which R represents an aromatic group.

Composites made of a cross-linked acrylic polymer and an inorganic aggregate and/or mineral, with the cross-linked acrylic polymer being present at a concentration of 5% to 17%, by weight, are disclosed. Processes of preparing the composites are also disclosed.

Provided is a dispersion liquid for sealing a light-emitting element containing metal oxide particles having a refractive index of 1.7 or higher and a surface-modifying material at least partially attached to the metal oxide particles, in which a particle diameter D50 of the metal oxide particles when a cumulative percentage of a scattering intensity distribution obtained by a dynamic light scattering method is 50% is 30 nm or more and 100 nm or less, and a content of the surface-modifying material not attached to the metal oxide particles is 60% by mass or less with respect to a total content of the metal oxide particles and the surface-modifying material.

Embodiments in accordance with the present invention encompass compositions encompassing a latent organo-ruthenium catalyst, an organo-ruthenium compound and a pyridine compound along with one or more monomers which undergo ring open metathesis polymerization (ROMP) when said composition is heated to a temperature from 80° C. to 150° C. or higher to form a substantially transparent film. Alternatively the compositions of this invention also undergo polymerization when subjected to suitable radiation. The monomers employed therein have a range of refractive index from 1.4 to 1.6 and thus these compositions can be tailored to form transparent films of varied refractive indices. The compositions of this invention further comprises inorganic nanoparticles which form transparent films and further increases the refractive indices of the compositions. Accordingly, compositions of this invention are useful in various opto-electronic applications, including as coatings, encapsulants, fillers, leveling agents, among others.

A curable composition capable of forming a cured product having a high refractive index and suppressed increase in reflectance, a cured product of the curable composition, and a method for producing the cured product using the curable composition. The curable composition includes a photopolymerizable monomer, metal oxide nanoparticles, and a photopolymerization initiating agent. The photopolymerizable monomer includes a compound represented by the following formula (a1). In the formula, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each independently represents a single bond or an alkylene group, R.sup.3 represents an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkoxy group, or a hydroxy group, and n represents 0 or 1

##STR00001##

The present disclosure includes thin, high-stiffness laminates, portable electronic device housings including the same, and methods for making such laminates and portable electronic device housings. Some laminates include an inner section having one or more first laminae and one or more second laminae, and first and second outer sections disposed on opposing sides of the inner section, each having one or more third laminae The laminate has a width and a length that is perpendicular to the width. Each of the first lamina(e) can have fibers aligned in a direction parallel to the length, each of the second lamina(e) can have fibers aligned in a direction parallel to the width, and each of the third lamina(e) can have fibers aligned in a direction angnlarly disposed at an angle of at least 10 degrees to each of the length and the width.

A problem to be solved by the present invention is that there is no method for forming a dense structure on a porous structure at low cost. In addition, another object is to provide a high quality and inexpensive structure of a brittle material and a laminate thereof as an intermediate layer for facilitating formation of a dense structure on a porous structure. A structure is provided having a brittle particle assembly having a plurality of brittle particles, wherein the brittle particle assemblies are arranged adjacently to each other, and the brittle particles having a brittle material region in the periphery are crosslinked (connected) by the brittle material region to bond the brittle particles to each other, and thereby form a brittle material crosslinked structure region preventing the mobility of the brittle particles.

Provided is a hard coat laminate having excellent abrasion resistance and heat resistance. The hard coat laminate includes: a substrate; and a base layer disposed on one main surface side of the substrate, in which the base layer contains inorganic nanoparticles, the base layer contains oxygen atoms, carbon atoms, and silicon atoms, the base layer has, on a surface side opposite to the substrate, a first region in which a compositional ratio of carbon atoms to all elements excluding hydrogen decreases as a distance from the substrate increases, in a region other than the first region of the base layer, a compositional ratio of carbon atoms to all elements excluding hydrogen is 5 atom % to 40 atom %, and a compositional ratio of carbon atoms on a surface of the first region is 1 atom % or less.

The present invention provides a hard-coat-layer-forming composition whereby a hard coat layer having excellent scratch resistance and cracking resistance can be formed, and an optical member. The hard-coat-layer-forming composition is a composition used to form a hard coat layer on a plastic substrate, and includes: metal oxide particles; at least one type of component X selected from the group consisting of an organic silicon compound represented by a predetermined formula, a hydrolysate thereof, and a hydrolytic condensate thereof; and at least one type of component Y selected from the group consisting of an organic silicon compound represented by a predetermined formula, a hydrolysate thereof, and a hydrolytic condensate thereof, and a glycoluril crosslinking agent, a hydrolysate thereof, and a hydrolytic condensate thereof.