The present invention provides a rubber composition for a tire, the rubber composition containing: a diene rubber; silica; and a heterocyclic compound (where, the heterocyclic compound does not have a silicon atom) having a hydrocarbon group having from 3 to 30 carbons and at least one type of heterocycle selected from the group consisting of a piperazine ring, a morpholine ring, and a thiomorpholine ring; an average glass transition temperature of the diene rubber being −50° C. or higher; a content of the silica being from 80 to 200 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the diene rubber; and a content of the heterocyclic compound being from 0.5 to 20% by mass with respect to the content of the silica. Such rubber composition has excellent processability, exhibits excellent wet grip performance and has low rolling resistance when the rubber composition is formed into a tire.

A carbamate ester compound represented by the general formula:

Z—OCONH(CH.sub.2).sub.nNHCOO—Z  [I]

wherein Z is [i], [ii], or [iii] below, and n is an integer of 2 to 10,

##STR00001##

(wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each independently a lower alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, R.sup.3 is a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and a is 1 or 2). The carbamate ester compound is used as a vulcanizing agent for carboxyl group-containing acrylic rubber and improves the delay of the vulcanization rate by scorch suppression.

A carbamate ester compound represented by the general formula:

Z—OCONH(CH.sub.2).sub.nNHCOO—Z  [I]

wherein Z is [i], [ii], or [iii] below, and n is an integer of 2 to 10,

##STR00001##

(wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each independently a lower alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, R.sup.3 is a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and a is 1 or 2). The carbamate ester compound is used as a vulcanizing agent for carboxyl group-containing acrylic rubber and improves the delay of the vulcanization rate by scorch suppression.

A resin composition includes a resin or a resin precursor, and a nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocyclic compound. The nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocyclic compound has a structure represented by the following general formula (1), the following general formula (6) or the following general formula (7). The resin composition includes the nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocyclic compound in a range from 0.10 to 30% by mass relative to the resin or the resin precursor.

##STR00001##

In the general formula (1), A1 and A2 each represent a 6-membered nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocyclic ring together with a nitrogen atom, and the 6-membered nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocyclic ring optionally forms a fused ring; and L represents a single bond, or a linking group derived from an aromatic hydrocarbon ring, an aromatic heterocyclic ring, or an alkyl group.

The present invention relates to a modifier represented by Formula 1, a method of preparing the same, a modified conjugated diene-based polymer having a high modification ratio which includes a modifier-derived functional group, and a method of preparing the polymer.

Meltable flame retardant compositions and fibers fabricated thereof are provided. Compositions of the present disclosure comprise a polymer, a nitrogenous compounds and/or a phosphorus compound. Fibers and compositions of the present disclosure can be used to make fabrics. When fibers, fabrics, and compositions of the present disclosure are exposed to flame, non-flammable gases are released such that the flames is retarded and/or extinguished.

Meltable flame retardant compositions and fibers fabricated thereof are provided. Compositions of the present disclosure comprise a polymer, a nitrogenous compounds and/or a phosphorus compound. Fibers and compositions of the present disclosure can be used to make fabrics. When fibers, fabrics, and compositions of the present disclosure are exposed to flame, non-flammable gases are released such that the flames is retarded and/or extinguished.

A polishing liquid includes abrasive grains containing at least one selected from the group consisting of cerium oxide and silicon oxide; a nitrogen-containing compound; and water. The nitrogen-containing compound contains nicotinamide. A polishing liquid set includes constituent components of a polishing liquid stored while being divided into a first liquid and a second liquid. A polishing method includes a step of polishing a surface to be polished by using a polishing liquid.

A polishing liquid includes abrasive grains containing at least one selected from the group consisting of cerium oxide and silicon oxide; a nitrogen-containing compound; and water. The nitrogen-containing compound contains nicotinamide. A polishing liquid set includes constituent components of a polishing liquid stored while being divided into a first liquid and a second liquid. A polishing method includes a step of polishing a surface to be polished by using a polishing liquid.

A polishing liquid includes abrasive grains containing at least one selected from the group consisting of cerium oxide and silicon oxide; a nitrogen-containing compound; and water. The nitrogen-containing compound contains nicotinamide. A polishing liquid set includes constituent components of a polishing liquid stored while being divided into a first liquid and a second liquid. A polishing method includes a step of polishing a surface to be polished by using a polishing liquid.