Disclosed are stable penetration primer or wood stain formulations. The formulation may comprise a) an aqueous polymer dispersion comprising a polymer produced by free-radically initiated emulsion polymerization of at least one ethylenically unsaturated strong acid monomer with a pKa less than 4 (in water at 20° C.) and at least one ethylenically unsaturated weak acid monomer with a pKa of 4 or greater (in water at 20° C.); and b) at least one water-soluble alkali metal silicate, at least one water-soluble alkali metal or alkaline earth metal alkyl siliconate, or a mixture thereof.

Methods of cross-linking or chain extending a polymeric material including a silane-modified poly(arylene ether) polymer (Si-PAE) in a shaped article include heating the shaped article from a temperature T.sub.1 to a temperature T.sub.2>T.sub.1, while maintaining the temperature at which the shaped article is heated within a specified range based on the increasing Tg of the polymeric material during the heating. Shaped articles cross-linked or chain extended by the methods are also described.

Methods of cross-linking or chain extending a polymeric material including a silane-modified poly(arylene ether) polymer (Si-PAE) in a shaped article include heating the shaped article from a temperature T.sub.1 to a temperature T.sub.2>T.sub.1, while maintaining the temperature at which the shaped article is heated within a specified range based on the increasing Tg of the polymeric material during the heating. Shaped articles cross-linked or chain extended by the methods are also described.

A curable composition contains a hydrolyzable silyl group-containing polyoxyalkylene polymer (A), silica (B), a silane compound (C) containing an alkyl group having four or more carbon atoms, and a compound (D) resulting from partial condensation of silyl groups of an aminosilane alone or partial condensation of the aminosilane with an alkoxysilane compound other than aminosilanes.

A curable composition contains a hydrolyzable silyl group-containing polyoxyalkylene polymer (A), silica (B), a silane compound (C) containing an alkyl group having four or more carbon atoms, and a compound (D) resulting from partial condensation of silyl groups of an aminosilane alone or partial condensation of the aminosilane with an alkoxysilane compound other than aminosilanes.

A curable composition contains a hydrolyzable silyl group-containing polyoxyalkylene polymer (A), silica (B), a silane compound (C) containing an alkyl group having four or more carbon atoms, and a compound (D) resulting from partial condensation of silyl groups of an aminosilane alone or partial condensation of the aminosilane with an alkoxysilane compound other than aminosilanes.

A resin composition, including resin and peroxide, is provided. The resin includes liquid rubber resin, polyphenylene ether resin, and a crosslinking agent. The sum of the liquid rubber resin, the polyphenylene ether resin, and the crosslinking agent is 100 parts by mass. The amount of the peroxide used is between 0.1 phr and 5 phr. The peroxide is composed of tertiary butyl cumyl peroxide and an inorganic compound.

A resin composition, including resin and peroxide, is provided. The resin includes liquid rubber resin, polyphenylene ether resin, and a crosslinking agent. The sum of the liquid rubber resin, the polyphenylene ether resin, and the crosslinking agent is 100 parts by mass. The amount of the peroxide used is between 0.1 phr and 5 phr. The peroxide is composed of tertiary butyl cumyl peroxide and an inorganic compound.

Provided are a binder for a secondary battery, a negative electrode including the same, and a secondary battery including the same. More particularly, the binder for a secondary battery including a crosslinked product of a copolymer with a silane-based crosslinking agent according to the present invention may have excellent thermal resistance and mechanical properties and effectively improve a binding force, and the negative electrode for a secondary battery and the secondary battery including the same may effectively suppress expansion of a negative electrode to improve charge/discharge cycle characteristics and performance of the secondary battery.

Provided are a binder for a secondary battery, a negative electrode including the same, and a secondary battery including the same. More particularly, the binder for a secondary battery including a crosslinked product of a copolymer with a silane-based crosslinking agent according to the present invention may have excellent thermal resistance and mechanical properties and effectively improve a binding force, and the negative electrode for a secondary battery and the secondary battery including the same may effectively suppress expansion of a negative electrode to improve charge/discharge cycle characteristics and performance of the secondary battery.