A white LED lamp including: a conductive portion; a light emitting diode chip mounted on the conductive portion, for emitting a primary light having a peak wavelength of 360 nm to 420 nm; a transparent resin layer including a first hardened transparent resin, for sealing the light emitting diode chip; and a phosphor layer covering the transparent resin layer, the phosphor layer being formed by dispersing a phosphor powder into a second hardened transparent resin, and the phosphor powder receiving the primary light and radiating a secondary light having a wavelength longer than that of the primary light. An energy of the primary light contained in the radiated secondary light is 0.4 mW/lm or less.

Luminescent phosphor systems, methods of preparing luminescent phosphor systems, and articles that include the luminescent phosphor systems are provided herein. In an embodiment, a luminescent phosphor system includes a plurality of separate luminescent phosphor lots. The plurality of luminescent phosphor lots includes a first lot of a first luminescent phosphor compound and a second lot of a second luminescent phosphor compound. The first luminescent phosphor compound of the first lot includes zinc sulfide, copper ions, halogen ions and, optionally, at least one additional metal ion chosen from aluminum, manganese, and/or iron. The second luminescent phosphor compound of the second lot includes zinc sulfide, copper ions, halogen ions, and at least one additional metal ion chosen from aluminum and/or manganese. The first luminescent phosphor compound and the second luminescent phosphor compound have different decay time constants that are distinguishable by an authentication device.

Quantum dots that are cadmium-free and/or stoichiometrically tuned are disclosed, as are methods of making them. Inclusion of the quantum dots and others in a stabilizing polymer matrix is also disclosed. The polymers are chosen for their strong binding affinity to the outer layers of the quantum dots such that the bond dissociation energy between the polymer material and the quantum dot is greater than the energy required to reach the melt temperature of the cross-linked polymer.

A wavelength conversion member includes: a first wavelength converter containing a first wavelength converting material; a second wavelength converter containing a second wavelength converting material different from the first wavelength converting material; a first container member providing a space for accommodating the first wavelength converter; and a second container member facing the first container member and providing a space for accommodating the second wavelength converter. The first container member and the second container member may be at least partially fusion-bonded with each other.

The invention relates to a self-passivating quantum dot and a preparation method thereof. The quantum dot is doped with a self-passivating element M and the self-passivating element M ranges from 0.1 wt % to 40 wt % in content. The self-passivating element M is selected from the group consisting of Al, Zr, Fe, Ti, Cr, Ta, Si, and Ni. The preparation method comprises the steps of: adding a quantum dot core and a solvent into a reaction vessel, controlling the temperature to be 100-120 C. and vacuumizing the reaction vessel for 30-50 min; filling the reaction vessel with inert gas, and rising the temperature to 230-280 C.; and injecting a coating material precursor solution into the reaction vessel for coating the quantum dot core according to the injection amount being 1 or 2 times by molar concentration of the quantum dot core element to prepare the self-passivating quantum dot.

A nanocrystal particle includes a Group III-VI compound including gallium and sulfur, wherein the nanocrystal particle is configured to emit a first light, a maximum emission peak of the first light is in a wavelength range of greater than or equal to about 300 nanometers and less than or equal to about 485 nanometers, an absolute quantum efficiency of the nanocrystal particle is greater than or equal to about 26%, and a full width at half maximum of the maximum emission peak of the first light is greater than or equal to about 10 nanometers and less than or equal to about 70 nanometers, when analyzed by photoluminescence spectroscopy.

Quantum dots that are cadmium-free and/or stoichiometrically tuned are disclosed, as are methods of making them. Inclusion of the quantum dots and others in a stabilizing polymer matrix is also disclosed. The polymers are chosen for their strong binding affinity to the outer layers of the quantum dots such that the bond dissociation energy between the polymer material and the quantum dot is greater than the energy required to reach the melt temperature of the cross-linked polymer.

A scintillator includes a support substrate, an emission layer formed on the substrate, made of ZnO with impurities added to have an electron concentration of 210.sup.19 cm.sup.3 or more and 210.sup.20 cm.sup.3 or less, and for generating scintillation light in response to incidence of radiation, a protective layer formed on the emission layer and made of a material having a hand gap wider than that of ZnO, and a metal layer formed on the protective layer. The support substrate is made of a material transmitting the scintillation light generated in the emission layer. Further, the metal layer functions as a reflection layer for reflecting the scintillation light from the emission layer.

A scintillator includes a support substrate, an emission layer formed on the substrate, made of ZnO with impurities added to have an electron concentration of 2?10.sup.19 cm.sup.?3 or more and 2?10.sup.20 cm.sup.?3 or less, and for generating scintillation light in response to incidence of radiation, a protective layer formed on the emission layer and made of a material having a band gap wider than that of ZnO, and a metal layer formed on the protective layer. The support substrate is made of a material transmitting the scintillation light generated in the emission layer. Further, the metal layer functions as a reflection layer for reflecting the scintillation light from the emission layer.

In various embodiments the present disclosure provides a core/shell nanocrystal comprising a core and a shell formed on the core, wherein the core/shell nanocrystal is co-doped with at least one metal dopant and at least one trivalent cation. In some embodiments, the trivalent cation is a Group 13 element. Methods of making and using the core/shell nanocrystal are also described.