The present invention provides novel methods and compositions for use in preventing infection with at least one type of influenza virus, including the use of peptides or compositions comprising a peptide comprising, consisting or consisting essentially of an amino acid sequence selected from the group of sequences as shown in SEQ ID Nos: 1 to 53, or functional derivatives or homologues thereof.

Formulations and methods, including vaccines and pharmaceutical compositions for inducing or enhancing an immune response are disclosed. The formulations generally comprise a TLR4 agonist and a metabolizable oil at a concentration of about 0.01%-1% v/v, wherein the hydrophobic:lipophilic balance (HLB) of the emulsion is greater than about 9.

An H7 avian influenza vaccine strain which differentiates infected from vaccinated animals, a preparation method therefor, and an application. The highly pathogenic H7 avian influenza not only brings about huge economic losses to the livestock industry, but also seriously threatens public health safety. Conventional H7 avian influenza whole virus inactivated vaccines do have advantages such as being reliable in terms of effect, low in terms of cost and wide in terms of application range, but cannot serologically differentiate infected from vaccinated animals. The present invention uses NA of influenza B as a label to establish a method for constructing an H7 avian influenza vaccine strain which differentiates infection from vaccination, and may be used for the prevention, control and decontamination of the H7 avian influenza.

Provided is an application of a label gene sequence in the preparation of an H9 avian influenza vaccine strain which differentiates influenza A virus infection from vaccination, the label gene sequence containing a DNA sequence for coding an influenza B virus NA protein extracellular region amino acid sequence. Also provided are an H9 avian influenza vaccine strain which differentiates influenza A virus infection from vaccination, a preparation method therefor, and an application.

Disclosed herein are methods for generating a protective immunogenic response via intranasal administration of an immunogenic composition (e.g., vaccine)/therapeutic immunogenic composition in a mammalian subject. Certain dosing positions of the subject during the administration of immunogenic agents, such that nostrils are tilted upwards, while in a modified sitting, reclining and/or supine posture, is surprisingly correlated with the generation of a strong immunogenic response in both humans and animals.

Disclosed herein are compositions and methods for inducing immune responses against both influenza and coronaviruses. Provided herein are compositions and methods of using the same, wherein the compositions comprise: (a) a coronavirus S (CoV S) glycoprotein in the form of a detergent-core nanoparticle, wherein the detergent is a non-ionic detergent; (b) at least three hemagglutinin (HA) glycoproteins, wherein each HA glycoprotein is from a different influenza strain; and (c) a pharmaceutically acceptable buffer.

Disclosed herein are compositions and methods related to mutant viruses, and in particular, mutant influenza viruses. The mutant viruses disclosed herein include mutant M2 sequences, mutant BM2 sequences, and are useful in immunogenic compositions, e.g., as a quadrivalent vaccines. Also disclosed herein are methods, compositions and cells for propagating the viral mutants, and methods, devices and compositions related to vaccination.

The present invention relates to a recombinant herpes zoster vaccine comprising liposome and lipopeptide and a method for preparing the same. More particularly, a vaccine composition according to the present invention, prepared using Lipo-Pam, which is a composite adjuvant comprising a liposome and various kinds of lipopeptides, and a varicella-zoster virus gE antigen, a Japanese encephalitis virus gE antigen, or a seasonal inactivated influenza virus antigen, highly induces a cell-mediated immune response as well as a humoral immune response so that the composition of the present invention can be commercially useful.

The present invention relates to antibodies or antigen-binding fragments that are useful for treating influenza B viruses. The present invention also relates to various pharmaceutical compositions and methods of treating influenza using the antibodies or antigen-binding fragments.

Provided herein are Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) agonists for use in enhancing human immune response and/or as adjuvants in vaccines. The TLR2 agonists include thiophenes, imidazoles, or phenyl-containing compounds, which may be compounds of Formulae (I), (II), (III), and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, hydrates, polymorphs, co-crystals, tautomers, stereoisomers, isotopically labeled derivatives, prodrugs, and compositions thereof. The compounds described herein are used as enhancers of an immune response (e.g., innate and/or adaptive immune response), and are useful in treating and/or preventing a disease, as adjuvants in a vaccine for the disease, (e.g., proliferative disease, inflammatory disease, autoimmune disease, infectious disease, or chronic disease). Also provided in the present disclosure are pharmaceutical compositions, kits, methods, and uses including or using a compound described herein.

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