The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical combination for inducing one or more immune responses and/or for enhancing effectiveness of vaccination in the host, which is capable of inducing cross-protection against multiples strains and/or serotypes of a virus. In one embodiment, the pharmaceutical combination is able to generate protection in food producing animals, such as cattle, sheep, goats, swine and other cloven-hoofed animals with fewer vaccination campaigns. This universal vaccine comprises an inactivated virus with one or more of the following components: polynucleotides encoding viral peptides, polypeptides or proteins in different types of plasmids; viral peptides, polypeptides and proteins; synthetic viral peptides and polypeptides; recombinant viral peptides, polypeptides and proteins; virus-like-particles; virus-like-particles derived from other viruses; proteins used as a carrier or as molecular adjuvant fused to peptides, polypeptides and/or proteins derived from viruses; adjuvants; emulsifiers, molecular adjuvants and carrier systems.

A temperature-sensitive attenuated FMDV strain, construction method and applications thereof. The construction method of the temperature-sensitive attenuated FMDV strain is as follows. Mutating a cytosine on K region loop of IRES domain 4 of an FMDV genome to a guanine or an adenine to obtain the temperature-sensitive attenuated FMDV strain, or replacing a K region of IRES domain 4 of an FMDV genome with a K region of IRES domain 4 of a bovine rhinovirus genome to obtain the temperature-sensitive attenuated FMDV strain.

Genetically engineered Foot and Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV) and related engineered proteins and polynucleotides, nanolipoprotein particles, compositions, methods and systems are described. The genetically engineered FMDV is modified by the strategic insertion of a protein tag into select regions of the FMDV genome which encode viral proteins that are exposed on the surface of the FMDV viral capsid. The inserted protein tag is displayed as a decoration or attachment on the viral capsid surface.

Provided is a recombinant vector including a porcine Fc fragment. By fusing the porcine Fc fragment with various target proteins by using the recombinant vector of the present invention, not only target proteins may be expressed using various hosts including plants, but the productivity and stability of target proteins may also be increased.

A test strip for detecting a serotype O foot-and-mouth disease, the test strip including: a bottom board; a detection layer being disposed on the bottom board and including a detection line and a control line; an absorbent layer being disposed at one end of the detection layer close to the control line; a gold colloidal conjugate pad being disposed at the other side of the detection layer close to the detection line; and a sample pad is disposed on a top of the gold colloidal conjugate pad. The gold colloidal conjugate pad is coated with colloidal gold particles that are conjugated with a Staphylococcus protein A (SPA) marker. The detection line is coated or impregnated with serotype O FMDV-like particles, and the control line is coated or impregnated with rabbit IgG.

This application is directed generally to foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) 3C proteases that have been modified by mutating a polynucleotide sequence coding for the FMDV 3C protease. The modified FMDV proteases exhibit proteolytic activity on FMDV P1 precursor protein and exhibit a reduction in one or more toxic or inhibitory properties associated with an unmodified FMDV 3C protease on a host cell used to recombinantly produce it. Vectors carrying polynucleotides encoding modified FMDV 3C protease sequences can induce production of FMDV virus-like particles in a host cell when expressed in the host cell. The modified FMDV 3C proteases can generally be used to produce immunogenic FMDV preparations capable of inducing an immune response against FMDV.

This application is directed generally to foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) 3C proteases that have been modified by mutating a polynucleotide sequence coding for the FMDV 3C protease. The modified FMDV proteases exhibit proteolytic activity on FMDV P1 precursor protein and exhibit a reduction in one or more toxic or inhibitory properties associated with an unmodified FMDV 3C protease on a host cell used to recombinantly produce it. Vectors carrying polynucleotides encoding modified FMDV 3C protease sequences can induce production of FMDV virus-like particles in a host cell when expressed in the host cell. The modified FMDV 3C proteases can generally be used to produce immunogenic FMDV preparations capable of inducing an immune response against FMDV.

This application is directed generally to foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) 3C proteases that have been modified by mutating a polynucleotide sequence coding for the FMDV 3C protease. The modified FMDV proteases exhibit proteolytic activity on FMDV P1 precursor protein and exhibit a reduction in one or more toxic or inhibitory properties associated with an unmodified FMDV 3C protease on a host cell used to recombinantly produce it. Vectors carrying polynucleotides encoding modified FMDV 3C protease sequences can induce production of FMDV virus-like particles in a host cell when expressed in the host cell. The modified FMDV 3C proteases can generally be used to produce immunogenic FMDV preparations capable of inducing an immune response against FMDV.

Provided is an antigen fused with a porcine Fc fragment, a vaccine composition having a self-adjuvanting effect by binding an Fc fragment to various antigens, and a method of producing the antigen.

A method for preparing serotype O foot-and-mouth disease virus-like particles, the method including: construction of small ubiquitin-like modifier fusion expression vector, construction of recombinant expression vectors, construction of recombinant co-expression vector, expression and purification of proteins, and in-vitro assembly of serotype O foot-and-mouth disease virus-like particles. The disclosure also provides a test strip for detecting serotype O foot-and-mouth disease including a bottom board, and a detection layer disposed on the top of the bottom board. A detection line and a control line are disposed on the detection layer. An absorbent layer is disposed at one end of the detection layer close to the control line, and an immuno-gold pad is disposed at the other side of the detection layer close to the detection line. A sample pad is disposed on the top of the immuno-gold pad.