The present invention disclosed a bio-based polymer additive, its preparation process and a biodegradable polymer composition comprising the said bio-based polymer additive for use in manufacturing of biodegradable plastic. The said additive is prepared from the biomass of broken microorganism cell such as microalgae, yeast or other microorganisms. In particular, the bio-based polymer additive is for enhancing rheological properties and/or biodegradability of a polymer. In particular, the additive is for use as a pigment.

From a viewpoint of achieving a high-performance organic light-emitting element, ensuring a certain degree of flatness in a coating film obtained by a wet film forming method may not be sufficient. As a result, a desired performance of an organic light-emitting element to be obtained, may not be obtained. Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide an ink composition for an organic light-emitting element, which can prevent the generation of waviness. There is provided an ink composition for an organic light-emitting element, including: an organic light-emitting element material; a leveling agent; and a solvent, in which the leveling agent is a block copolymer formed by performing copolymerization of at least a siloxane monomer and a hydrophobic monomer.

Provided are methods and compositions for increasing plant resistance to abiotic stress. The composition may comprise a hydrogel and a priming agent. The methods may include contacting the seed with a seed coating composition comprising a hydrogel and a priming agent.

Provided are methods and compositions for increasing plant resistance to abiotic stress. The composition may comprise a hydrogel and a priming agent. The methods may include contacting the seed with a seed coating composition comprising a hydrogel and a priming agent.

The disclosure relates to oxygen scavenging polymers, compositions comprising the polymers, articles comprising the polymers and/or compositions, and methods of making the polymers, compositions, and/or articles. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present invention.

The disclosure relates to oxygen scavenging polymers, compositions comprising the polymers, articles comprising the polymers and/or compositions, and methods of making the polymers, compositions, and/or articles. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present invention.

Provided is a photochromic indolenaphthopyran compound having the skeletal structure of Formula (I): wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each independently have a steric bulk A, wherein at least one of R.sup.1 or R.sup.2 has a steric bulk A of at least 0.6, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 each independently have a Hammett σρ value, and wherein the indolenaphthopyran compound has a calculated electronic steric factor of at least −3.3.

##STR00001##

A photo-aligning liquid crystal alignment layer formed by using a photo-aligning liquid crystal aligning agent containing polyamic acid or a derivative thereof which is synthesized by using tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride having no photoreactive structure having a specific structure and diamine having no photoreactive structure having a specific structure together with at least one of tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride having a photoreactive structure and diamine having a photoreactive structure can reduce storage of residual DC in a liquid crystal display device. Further, the above alignment layer can shorten the relaxation time and can prevent afterimages from being generated.

A photo-aligning liquid crystal alignment layer formed by using a photo-aligning liquid crystal aligning agent containing polyamic acid or a derivative thereof which is synthesized by using tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride having no photoreactive structure having a specific structure and diamine having no photoreactive structure having a specific structure together with at least one of tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride having a photoreactive structure and diamine having a photoreactive structure can reduce storage of residual DC in a liquid crystal display device. Further, the above alignment layer can shorten the relaxation time and can prevent afterimages from being generated.

The present invention provides a diarylamine-based compound represented by General Formula (1): ##STR00001##
(where A.sup.1 and A.sup.2 each independently represent a C.sub.6 to C.sub.18 arylene group which may have a substituent, and A.sup.3 and A.sup.4 each independently represent an organic group having a cyclic imide structure which may have a substituent).