A compound that helps achieve a high voltage holding ratio (VHR) of a liquid crystal composition, a liquid crystal composition that contains this compound, and a liquid crystal display element made with this liquid crystal composition. More specifically, a compound represented by general formula (Y), which has polymerizable groups and polar group(s). A liquid crystal composition containing one or two or more compounds represented by general formula (Y), each of which has polymerizable groups and polar group(s). A liquid crystal display element made with a liquid crystal composition that contains one or two or more compounds represented by general formula (Y), each of which has polymerizable groups and polar group(s).

The present invention relates to liquid crystalline media comprising one or more benzothiadiazol derivatives of formula I,

##STR00001##

in which R.sup.11, R.sup.12, A.sup.11, A.sup.12, A.sup.21, A.sup.22, Z.sup.11, Z.sup.12, Z.sup.21, Z.sup.22, W, X.sup.11, X.sup.12, r and s have the meanings indicated in claim 1, to the use of such liquid crystal media for optical, electro-optical and electronic purposes, in particular in devices for regulating the passage of energy from an outside space into an inside space, for example in windows.

Provide are a liquid crystal compound represented by formula I, and a liquid crystal mixture comprising the compound

##STR00001##

A lateral trifluoromethyl-containing liquid crystal compound having the structural characteristics of Formula I not only has a negative dielectric anisotropy (), an appropriate optical anisotropy (n), a higher clearing point (CP), a prominent low-temperature miscibility with other liquid crystals, and a low rotary viscosity (1), but also has a good stability to UV and high temperatures, particularly, a negative dielectric anisotropy. Same can be applied to the formulation of liquid crystal compositions of positive and negative types, and it is particularly prominent that same has the advantages of a good solubility at low temperatures and a high transmittance.

Nonlinear optical chromophore compositions which display lyotropic nematic liquid crystal phases in polar organic solvents and provide a mechanical anisotropic effect allowing for the formation of a non-centrosymmetric chromophore-polymer matrix without the application of an electric field.

A liquid crystal composition containing a benzochromene compound and the use thereof in a liquid crystal display element or liquid crystal display. The liquid crystal composition comprises one or more compounds represented by Formula I and one or more compounds represented by Formula II. The liquid crystal composition has the characteristics of a small rotational viscosity, a large elastic constant, a high transmittance, a fast response speed, a strong resistance to ultraviolet light irradiation, and a high long-time light stability, and is particularly suitable for the field of TV display. ##STR00001##

The present invention relates to a switching layer based on a liquid-crystalline mixture for use in an optical switching element. The invention also encompasses a switching element comprising the switching layer and a window element containing the switching element. The liquid crystalline mixture comprises a low-molecular liquid crystal component, a polymer component and a self-alignment additive for vertical alignment.

A liquid crystal composition includes at least one of liquid crystal molecules represented by Chemical Formulas A and B: ##STR00001##
where in Chemical Formulas A and B, L.sub.1 to L.sub.4 are each independently H, F, Cl, OCF.sub.3, CF.sub.3, CH.sub.2F, or CHF.sub.2, R.sub.1 to R.sub.4 are each independently hydrogen, a halogen, a cyano group, a C1-C12 alkyl group, or a C1-C12 alkoxy group, and Z.sub.1 to Z.sub.4 are each independently a single bond, O, COO, OCO, CF.sub.2O, OCF.sub.2-, CH.sub.2O, OCH.sub.2-, SCH.sub.2-, CH.sub.2S, CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-, C.sub.2F.sub.4-, CH.sub.2CF.sub.2-, CF.sub.2CH.sub.2-, CH.sub.2n-, where n is a natural number of 1 to 12, CHCH, CFCF, CHCF, CFCH, CC, or CHCHCH.sub.2O.

The invention relates to a liquid-crystalline medium which comprises at least one compound of the formula I, ##STR00001##
in which R.sup.1, R.sup.1*, Z.sup.1, Z.sup.2 and L.sup.1-3 have the meanings defined herein, and to the use thereof for an active-matrix display, in particular based on the VA, PSA, PS-VA, PALC, FFS, PS-FFS, PS-IPS or IPS effect.

The invention relates to a liquid-crystalline medium which comprises at least one compound of the formula I, ##STR00001##
in which
R.sup.1, R.sup.1*, Z.sup.1, Z.sup.2 and L.sup.1-3 have the meanings defined herein,
and to the use thereof for an active-matrix display, in particular based on the VA, PSA, PS-VA, PALC, FFS, PS-FFS, PS-IPS or IPS effect.

The invention relates to a liquid-crystalline medium which comprises at least one compound of the formula I, ##STR00001## in which R.sup.1, R.sup.1*, Z.sup.1, Z.sup.2 and L.sup.1-3 have the meanings defined herein, and to the use thereof for an active-matrix display, in particular based on the VA, PSA, PS-VA, PALC, FFS, PS-FFS, PS-IPS or IPS effect.