Use of a gasoline fuel composition comprising (a) a major portion of gasoline blending components (b) from 0 vol % to 25 vol % of oxygenated hydrocarbon and (c) from 0.01 vol % to 5 vol % of a diene compound for the purpose of increasing the injection duration at the end of a 48 hour deposit formation phase in a direct injection spark ignition engine by at least 10%.

A composition for cleaning a combustion engine system. The composition comprises a hydrocarbon. The hydrocarbon comprises respective first and second hydrocarbons. The first hydrocarbon comprises a lubricant, wherein the lubricant has a flash point, measured according to ASTM D93, of less than 80° C. The second hydrocarbon comprises an aromatic hydrocarbon, wherein the aromatic hydrocarbon has a flash point, measured according to ASTM D93, of greater than 62° C. The composition further comprises an oxygen donor. The oxygen donor comprises respective first and second oxygen donors. The first oxygen donor comprises a hydroxyl group and has a flash point, measured according to ASTM D93, of from 45° C. to 95° C. The second oxygen donor comprises a carbonyl group or an ether group and has a flash point, measured according to ASTM D93, of from 50° C. to 120° C.

A method of producing a fuel additive includes passing a feed stream comprising C4 hydrocarbons through a methyl tertiary butyl ether unit producing a first process stream; passing the first process stream through a selective butadiene hydrogenation unit transforming greater than or equal to 90% by weight of the butadiene to 1-butene and 2-butene, preferably greater than or equal to 93%, preferably, greater than or equal to 94%, more preferably, greater than or equal to 95% producing a second process stream; passing the second process stream through a hydration unit producing a third process stream and the fuel additive; passing the third process stream through a total hydrogenation unit producing a hydrogenated stream; and passing the hydrogenated stream to a cracker unit.

A method of producing a fuel additive includes: passing a first process stream comprising C4 hydrocarbons through a methyl tertiary butyl ether synthesis unit producing a first recycle stream; passing the first recycle stream through a hydration unit producing the fuel additive and a second recycle stream; passing the second recycle stream through a recycle hydrogenation unit and a deisobutanizer unit; and recycling the second recycle stream to the methyl tertiary butyl ether synthesis unit.

Disclosed is a blended gasoline composition having an AKI of 87. The formulation of the blended gasoline composition leads to a reduction in carbon dioxide emission. The blended gasoline composition contains a reduced concentration of olefins and non-amine aromatics.

GDI deposit fluidizing additives, liquid fuel compositions including such additives and methods that improve a liquid fuel composition's GDI performance are provided. A liquid fuel composition may include a major amount of a base gasoline fuel; and 1 to 500 ppm of one or more polyether monohydroxy compounds, with the proviso that the liquid fuel composition is essentially free of fuel detergent additives. The liquid fuel composition provides at least 10% lower particulate emission as a function of time relative to a comparable liquid fuel composition not including the one or more polyether monohydroxy compounds. The GDI deposit fluidizing enhancing additive may include polyether monohydroxy compounds with the butane oxide and propene oxide in a variety of ratios and randomly distributed in the additive.

The present invention describes alkoxylated amines as fuel additives for reducing injector deposits in direct injection gasoline engines.

Processes for the catalytic activation and/or dehydrogenation of a paraffin feed stream that is enriched in C5 alkanes to produce olefins that are then hydrated in the presence of water to produce C5 alcohols. Optionally, paraffin isomers are separated and the n-paraffins isomerized prior to catalytic activation and/or dehydrogenation.

A method of producing a fuel additive includes passing a feed stream comprising C4 hydrocarbons through a methyl tertiary butyl ether unit producing a first process stream; passing the first process stream through a selective butadiene hydrogenation unit transforming greater than or equal to 90% by weight of the butadiene to 1-butene and 2-butene, preferably greater than or equal to 93%, preferably, greater than or equal to 94%, more preferably, greater than or equal to 95% producing a second process stream; passing the second process stream through a hydration unit producing a third process stream and the fuel additive; passing the third process stream through a total hydrogenation unit producing a hydrogenated stream; and passing the hydrogenated stream to a cracker unit.

Low carbon atomic number mixed alcohol gel paste or pancake and straw charcoal grate combination of ignition agent, with fossil fuels such as bituminous coal lignite, straw branches and other agricultural and forestry waste, polyolefin and other synthetic organic polymer waste, other combustible solid and semi-solid low-value raw fuels, with non-toxic auxiliary materials carefully crafted high volatile column ignition coal and lower coal, are stacked in the insulation—fire-resistant furnace core. Throw in a small strip of burning paper to ignite the igniter from the top, that is, start long flame combustion, followed by the ignition coal on fire, its surface red hot coal layer will be designed to move down more quickly and gradually, to the lower coal on fire.