The present disclosure provides an assembly type bridge lower structure having a socket type elastic duct coupler and a method of constructing the same in which, in construction of an assembly type bridge lower structure that consists of an assembly type foundation part, an assembly type pillar part, and an assembly type coping part, a socket type elastic duct coupler is utilized, thus enabling shear key joining at connection portions of the assembly type foundation part, the assembly type pillar part, and the assembly type coping part, easily accommodating of construction error displacements of the socket type elastic duct coupler, improving watertightness at connection portions of the precast segments, easily accommodating an insertion angle of the insertion member including a steel strand, a steel bar, a reinforcing bar, a FRP, or the like, and preventing an overflow phenomenon that occurs when epoxy is excessively applied during bonding between the precast segments.

A precast segment suitable for block-stacking concept is disclosed. The precast segment includes a first surface, an opposite second surface, plural through holes, and plural male-female connecting sets. The through holes extend from the first surface and toward the second surface to communicate between the first surface and the second surface. Each male-female connecting set includes a shear key and a joint hole, wherein the shear key protrudes from one of the first surface and the second surface to serve as a male connecting unit, and the joint hole is formed in the other of the first surface and the second surface to serve as a female connecting unit. Accordingly, the precast segments can be block-stacked by mortise-and-tenon joints to construct a bridge pier system. Compared to the conventional construction methodology, the present invention can enhance the efficiency of segment fabrication and avoid high prestress force.

A precast segment suitable for block-stacking concept is disclosed. The precast segment includes a first surface, an opposite second surface, plural through holes, and plural male-female connecting sets. The through holes extend from the first surface and toward the second surface to communicate between the first surface and the second surface. Each male-female connecting set includes a shear key and a joint hole, wherein the shear key protrudes from one of the first surface and the second surface to serve as a male connecting unit, and the joint hole is formed in the other of the first surface and the second surface to serve as a female connecting unit. Accordingly, the precast segments can be block-stacked by mortise-and-tenon joints to construct a bridge pier system. Compared to the conventional construction methodology, the present invention can enhance the efficiency of segment fabrication and avoid high prestress force.

The present invention relates to an industrialized construction process of at least part of a structure (1) to be constructed, by applying it, for example, to bridge decks, in which the filling material (8) is poured in situ on empty segments (3) prefabricated ex situ.

The construction process according to the present invention comprises the prefabrication of empty segments (3) including the assembling of steel reinforcement elements (9) and assembling fixing elements (4) whereby these comprise rigid elements (22) and at least part of the moulds (13), which occur at a location (5) ex situ, for example at the factory, construction site or at a place close to the works front line; transport and placement of the empty segments (3) in the final position in the structure (1); the operation of pouring the filling material (8); consolidation or curing of the filling material; prestressing the structure (1), if applicable; removal of the moulds (13) and fixing elements (4); followed by the start of the next cycle, if applicable.

The present invention also relates to a construction system adapted for carrying out a construction process of a structure (1) to be constructed.

The present invention relates to an industrialized construction process of at least part of a structure (1) to be constructed, by applying it, for example, to bridge decks, in which the filling material (8) is poured in situ on empty segments (3) prefabricated ex situ.

The construction process according to the present invention comprises the prefabrication of empty segments (3) including the assembling of steel reinforcement elements (9) and assembling fixing elements (4) whereby these comprise rigid elements (22) and at least part of the moulds (13), which occur at a location (5) ex situ, for example at the factory, construction site or at a place close to the works front line; transport and placement of the empty segments (3) in the final position in the structure (1); the operation of pouring the filling material (8); consolidation or curing of the filling material; prestressing the structure (1), if applicable; removal of the moulds (13) and fixing elements (4); followed by the start of the next cycle, if applicable.

The present invention also relates to a construction system adapted for carrying out a construction process of a structure (1) to be constructed.

A slab bridge structure having improved rigid connection strength between bridge girders and concrete piers. The slab bridge structure has a rigid connection structure in which slab concrete (3) is poured between side surfaces of bridge girders (1) arranged in line in a bridge width direction, throughout a longitudinal direction of the bridge girders, connection concrete (12) in which bridge girder portions (1′) supported by a bridge seat (2a) of a concrete pier (2) that supports the bridge girders are embedded is further added onto the bridge seat, and the slab concrete and the concrete pier are concrete-joined through the connection concrete, the slab bridge structure further includes: a connecting rod (13) embedded in the concrete pier and projecting upward from the bridge seat of the pier; and a connecting plate (14) connecting upper end portions of the adjacent bridge girder portions.

A slab bridge structure having improved rigid connection strength between bridge girders and concrete piers. The slab bridge structure has a rigid connection structure in which slab concrete (3) is poured between side surfaces of bridge girders (1) arranged in line in a bridge width direction, throughout a longitudinal direction of the bridge girders, connection concrete (12) in which bridge girder portions (1′) supported by a bridge seat (2a) of a concrete pier (2) that supports the bridge girders are embedded is further added onto the bridge seat, and the slab concrete and the concrete pier are concrete-joined through the connection concrete, the slab bridge structure further includes: a connecting rod (13) embedded in the concrete pier and projecting upward from the bridge seat of the pier; and a connecting plate (14) connecting upper end portions of the adjacent bridge girder portions.

A precast segmental pier reinforced with both conventional steel bars and high-strength steel bars according to one or more embodiments of the present invention includes a footing, a segmental pier, longitudinal bars and unbonded post-tensioned tendons, characterized in that: the segmental pier is comprised of one or more precast segments, the longitudinal bars are comprised of both the conventional steel bar and the high-strength steel bar, connecting the footing and the segmental pier together with unbonded post-tensioned tendons to form an entire pier.

A precast segmental pier reinforced with both conventional steel bars and high-strength steel bars according to one or more embodiments of the present invention includes a footing, a segmental pier, longitudinal bars and unbonded post-tensioned tendons, characterized in that: the segmental pier is comprised of one or more precast segments, the longitudinal bars are comprised of both the conventional steel bar and the high-strength steel bar, connecting the footing and the segmental pier together with unbonded post-tensioned tendons to form an entire pier.

Provided is a pier scour protection method by combinating a downward bivariate normal distribution surface and a granular mixture, wherein the method is used for protecting a pier foundation of a sea-crossing or river-crossing bridge from scouring, and when a depth of a local scour hole around the bottom of a pier or a bridge pile reaches a set depth, a downward bivariate normal distribution surface protection structure is laid, and the granular mixture with a specific thickness is laid in the downward bivariate normal distribution surface protection structure. A downward bivariate normal distribution surface structure for defending and a granular mixture layer for weakening horseshoe-shaped vortexes in a scour hole are organically combined, the bivariate normal distribution surface structure is mainly used for defending the downflow in front of the pier, and the granular mixture layer can weaken the horseshoe-shaped vortexes around the piers.