A formwork system (10; 60), especially for tunnel construction, includes at least one support arrangement (14) for supporting at least one formwork element (16-26; 72-78). The formwork system further includes at least one concrete pump (36), a plurality of concrete supply units (42) for supply to the formwork element and at least one controller (32). On the formwork element (16-26; 72-78) and/or on the support arrangement (14) at least two pressure sensors (44; 92) are disposed at different vertical positions and are connected to the controller (32) of the formwork system, which pressure sensors (44; 92) are designed to measure the pressure acting upon the formwork elements (16-26; 72-78) at a minimum of two different heights of the formwork element, and that the controller (32) is designed to control the concrete supply units (42) individually, dependent on the signal from the pressure sensors (44; 92).

A method of treating tunnel collapse includes leveling a collapse body and moving a pavilion support under the collapse cavity, lifting a shield plate until a lower edge of the shield plate surpasses a contour line of an initial supporting arch of a tunnel, connecting a bottom column and inserting a padding plate under a column. If the hydraulic prop retracts, the column, the bottom column, the padding plate and the hydraulic prop bear a load from the shield plate. Mounting and connecting the initial supporting arch, welding the intersection point of the column and the initial supporting arch, cutting off the column in the initial supporting arch. Transferring the load of the shield plate from the pavilion support to an initial supporting shed, spraying fast-setting concrete to a grid arch to form a closed shell, and pumping filling material to fill the space of the collapse cavity.

A method of treating tunnel collapse includes leveling a collapse body and moving a pavilion support under the collapse cavity, lifting a shield plate until a lower edge of the shield plate surpasses a contour line of an initial supporting arch of a tunnel, connecting a bottom column and inserting a padding plate under a column. If the hydraulic prop retracts, the column, the bottom column, the padding plate and the hydraulic prop bear a load from the shield plate. Mounting and connecting the initial supporting arch, welding the intersection point of the column and the initial supporting arch, cutting off the column in the initial supporting arch. Transferring the load of the shield plate from the pavilion support to an initial supporting shed, spraying fast-setting concrete to a grid arch to form a closed shell, and pumping filling material to fill the space of the collapse cavity.

The invention discloses a method for detecting service performance of a tunnel lining based on defect characteristics of the tunnel lining. A tunnel, an external load and stratum conditions are simulated by establishing a model using a model test method. A structural stress failure test for the model is carried out, and test results of the defect characteristics of a simulation lining of the model are recorded. A corresponding relationship between the defect characteristics of the simulation lining and the remaining bearing capacity interval is established according to the recorded test results. Detection results of defect characteristics of the tunnel lining are recorded using an in-situ detection method, and a remaining bearing capacity interval of the tunnel lining is determined based on the detection results according to the corresponding relationship between the defect characteristics of the simulation lining and the remaining bearing capacity interval of the model.

A composite support structure, a construction system, and a method, the composite support structure includes a plurality of arc plate rings that are longitudinally arranged along a roadway. A concrete fill steel tube support is arranged on an inner side or an outer side of each arc plate ring. The arc plate ring is formed by splicing a plurality of arc plates. Each concrete fill steel tube support is formed by splicing a plurality of steel pipe sections. The arc plate rings and the concrete fill steel tube supports are capable of jointly supporting walls of the roadway. The support structure has high bearing capability, high construction efficiency of a construction system, and low labor intensity.

A composite support system based on a steel-concrete (concrete-filled steel tube) support and a shotcrete arch includes an anchor mesh layer provided on an inner wall of a roadway. A flexible compressible layer is provided on the outer side of the anchor mesh layer; a support frame is erected on the outer side of the flexible compressible layer; reinforcement meshes are respectively arranged on an inner side and an outer side of the support frame; the support frame and the reinforcement meshes form a framework to construct an arch spray layer; the reinforcement meshes and the support frame are embedded into an arch structure to form a rigid layer; the flexible compressible layer is provided between the rigid layer and the anchor spray layer. When the flexible compressible layer is compressed, the flexible compressible layer is deformed toward a reserved deformation space for a yielding purpose.

A composite support system based on a steel-concrete (concrete-filled steel tube) support and a shotcrete arch includes an anchor mesh layer provided on an inner wall of a roadway. A flexible compressible layer is provided on the outer side of the anchor mesh layer; a support frame is erected on the outer side of the flexible compressible layer; reinforcement meshes are respectively arranged on an inner side and an outer side of the support frame; the support frame and the reinforcement meshes form a framework to construct an arch spray layer; the reinforcement meshes and the support frame are embedded into an arch structure to form a rigid layer; the flexible compressible layer is provided between the rigid layer and the anchor spray layer. When the flexible compressible layer is compressed, the flexible compressible layer is deformed toward a reserved deformation space for a yielding purpose.

The present invention relates to a loaded-to-frame detection equipment for backfill grouting of a shield tunnel, including an automatic loaded-to-frame transmission apparatus, a ground penetrating radar, and an intelligent backfill grouting processing and analysis software. The equipment is integrated by using software and hardware, and can implement real-time visual detection of a backfill grouting layer in a shield construction process. The loaded-to-frame automatic transmission apparatus mainly includes a track, a synchronous belt, a transmission mechanism, a servo machine, and a drive and reducer; and a new air-coupled radar detection apparatus is carried on the loaded-to-frame automatic transmission apparatus and is installed on a shield frame. With the shield performs tunneling, circular detection on a grouting body of the shield and visual layered display of the grouting body are implemented.

The present invention relates to a loaded-to-frame detection equipment for backfill grouting of a shield tunnel, including an automatic loaded-to-frame transmission apparatus, a ground penetrating radar, and an intelligent backfill grouting processing and analysis software. The equipment is integrated by using software and hardware, and can implement real-time visual detection of a backfill grouting layer in a shield construction process. The loaded-to-frame automatic transmission apparatus mainly includes a track, a synchronous belt, a transmission mechanism, a servo machine, and a drive and reducer; and a new air-coupled radar detection apparatus is carried on the loaded-to-frame automatic transmission apparatus and is installed on a shield frame. With the shield performs tunneling, circular detection on a grouting body of the shield and visual layered display of the grouting body are implemented.

A self-supporting reinforcement system for the concrete lining of the inner shell of a tunnel construction. At least one object is that of supporting the outer shell or rock wall of a tunnel construction. According to an embodiment of the invention, this is achieved by tension brackets or tension rings, formed from one or more bracket segments made of individual reinforcing steel bars. M-shaped tensioning support bodies having a connecting region to the tension brackets, and support arms for the supporting bracing, establishing the spacing with respect to an outer shell or rock wall, of the bracket and spacers on the tensioning support bodies and between the outer layer and an inner layer of the reinforcement.