A functional electrical stimulation (FES) device includes electrodes arranged to apply functional electrical stimulation to a body part of the user. FES stimulation is performed by: receiving values of a set of user metrics for the user; receiving a target position of the body part represented as values for a set of body part position measurements; determining a user-specific energization pattern for producing the target position based on the received target position and the received values of the set of user metrics for the user; and energizing the electrodes of the FES device in accordance with the determined user-specific energization pattern. The determination may utilize an FES calibration database with records having fields containing: values of the set of user metrics for reference users; energization patterns; and values of the set of body part position metrics for positions assumed by the body part in response to applying the energization patterns.

A pacemaker system includes a drive-sense circuit (DSC) operably coupled to a pacemaker lead. The DSC generates a pace signal including electrical impulses based on a reference signal. The DSC provides the pace signal via the pacemaker lead to an electrically responsive portion of a cardiac conductive system of a subject to facilitate cardiac operation of a cardiovascular system of the subject. The DSC senses, via the pacemaker lead, cardiac electrical activity of the cardiovascular system of the subject that is generated in response to the pace signal and electrically coupled into the pacemaker lead and generates a digital signal that is representative of the cardiac electrical activity of the cardiovascular system of the subject that is sensed via the pacemaker lead. The DSC provides digital information to one or more processing modules that includes and/or is coupled to memory and that provide the reference signal to the DSC.

Systems and methods for reducing neurostimulation electrode configuration and parameter search space and controlling electrostimulation are discussed. An exemplary system includes an implantable stimulator to provide electrostimulation via a lead comprising a plurality of electrodes, and a programming device. The programing device receives electrode position information relative to an anatomical region of interest or physiological signals respectively sensed by the plurality of electrodes, and identifies a search space of electrode configurations and parameter values for the lead with respect to the neural target. The programing device can determine a target stimulation setting based on a clinical response to electrostimulation delivered using electrodes and stimulation parameter values from the identified search space, and generate a control signal to the control the implantable stimulator to deliver electrostimulation in accordance with the target stimulation setting.

An example of a system for delivering neurostimulation may include a programming control circuit and a stimulation control circuit. The programming control circuit may be configured to generate stimulation parameters controlling delivery of the neurostimulation according to a stimulation configuration. The stimulation control circuit may be configured to specify the stimulation configuration, and may include volume definition circuitry and stimulation configuration circuitry. The volume definition circuitry may be configured to determine one or more test volumes, determine a clinical effect resulting from the one or more test volumes each being activated by the neurostimulation, and determine a target volume using the determined clinical effect. The stimulation configuration circuitry may be configured to generate the specified stimulation configuration for activating the target volume.

An implantable medical device (IMD), includes a processor for controlling the IMD; circuitry for providing therapeutic or diagnostic medical operations for a patient; wireless communication circuitry for conducting wireless communications; a non-rechargeable battery; and device power control circuitry. The device power control circuitry includes at least one capacitor; charging control circuitry for switching between charging the at least one capacitor using the non-rechargeable battery and discharging the at least one capacitor to provide power for device operations. The IMD is configured to maintain a count related to a number of times of discharge of the at least one capacitor to provide an end-of-life estimation for the non-rechargeable battery.

In a high voltage, variable frequency radiation generation system, a carrier signal supplied to a primary coil of a transformer is varied, e.g., turned ON and OFF at variable frequencies. The ON duration and/or the average amplitude of the carrier signal may also be varied. Moreover, the carrier signal may be modulated using an audio signal. The parameters to control the variation of the carrier can be provided as a recipe via a software application. A server can provide different types of apps providing different control features. The server may also collect user characteristic data and recipe usage data, and may facilitate exchange of these data and may recommend recipes based on a particular user characteristic.

The types of electrode leads that are connected to an implantable medical device are determined based on electrical parameters that are measured at the electrodes that are positioned on the leads. The different types of known electrode leads have different physical electrode arrangements that impact the measured electrical parameters. Properties in the measured electrical parameters that are indicative of the physical arrangements of electrodes of known types of electrode leads are utilized to determine the types of leads that are connected to the implantable medical device.

We disclose the use of passive, or field-shaping electrodes, below the surface of the supporting structure of a cochlear implant. The location of the field-shaping electrodes below the surface of the supporting structure, allows for the use of the field-shaping electrodes to exist in the structure without decreasing the available space for the active, stimulating electrodes at the surface. The field-shaping electrodes are to direct the electric currents injected by the stimulating (active) electrodes onto the one-and-only-one neuron that is expected, by the brain, to receive vibrations from one-and-only-one frequency. The objective of the field-shaping electrodes is to prevent, or, at least to decrease, the leaking of the stimulating current from any stimulating active electrode onto any neuron other than the neuron that is directly in front of the electrode in question, which is the only neuron that is expected to receive excitation for that frequency associated with each electrode.

Disclosed is an implantable device for lead offset determination, comprising first and second electrode leads. A stimulus is delivered from one lead to tissue, and a signal is sensed from the tissue by the other lead. The sensed signal is processed to produce a measure of a stimulus artefact present in the signal. The stimulus artefact measure is used to produce a measure of an offset between the first electrode lead and the second electrode lead, such as by applying a distance-squared. analytical model to measures of stimulus artefact obtained from at least two sense electrodes. And/or, a compound action potential evoked by the stimulus is sensed from neural tissue, a latency of the evoked compound action potential is measured, and a measure of an offset between the first electrode lead and the second electrode lead is produced from the latency.

An implantable medical device is configured determine a numerical value of a variable that is monitored by the implantable medical device and convert the numerical value to a data sequence of modulated electrical stimulation rate intervals. The implantable medical device delivers electrical stimulation pulses according to the data sequence of modulated stimulation rate intervals to cause a modulated rate of activation of excitable tissue of a patient corresponding to the modulated stimulation rate intervals. The modulated rate of activation is detectable by a rate monitor for demodulation to the numerical value of the monitored variable data value. In some examples, the implantable medical device is a pacemaker delivering cardiac pacing pulses according to modulated pacing rate intervals to cause a modulated heart rate of the patient detectable by a heart rate monitor for demodulation to the numerical value of the monitored variable.