The invention relates to a metal element (12) for anchoring an anti-erosion coating that is intended to be fastened alone in an isolated manner to a metal wall or assembled with other identical anchoring elements. The anchoring element (12) has an edge (12a) for fastening to said metal wall and an anchoring body firmly attached to the fastening edge (12a) and having an upper edge (12b) that is away from the fastening edge and intended to be covered by a composite material of concrete type. A section of this upper edge (12b), which is not intended to be juxtaposed and assembled with an upper edge of an identical anchoring element, is provided with a delimiting tab (16) in order to delimit a height of composite material that must cover the upper edge (12b) of said anchoring element, said delimiting tab (16) having a delimiting edge (18) that is a predetermined distance away from a plane defined by the upper edge (12b) of the anchoring element.

The invention relates to a metal element (12) for anchoring an anti-erosion coating that is intended to be fastened alone in an isolated manner to a metal wall or assembled with other identical anchoring elements. The anchoring element (12) has an edge (12a) for fastening to said metal wall and an anchoring body firmly attached to the fastening edge (12a) and having an upper edge (12b) that is away from the fastening edge and intended to be covered by a composite material of concrete type. A section of this upper edge (12b), which is not intended to be juxtaposed and assembled with an upper edge of an identical anchoring element, is provided with a delimiting tab (16) in order to delimit a height of composite material that must cover the upper edge (12b) of said anchoring element, said delimiting tab (16) having a delimiting edge (18) that is a predetermined distance away from a plane defined by the upper edge (12b) of the anchoring element.

An insulating concrete shell made of refractory cast concrete or refractory tamped concrete for insulating uprights or supporting tubes in a walking beam furnace or pusher-type furnace. The insulating concrete shell is shell-shaped and has a sheet metal strip on the inner side at each end, with which the insulating concrete shell can be fastened to an upright or to a supporting tube. The two sheet metal strips are connected to each other by wires, whereby the two wires are completely embedded in the cast or tamped concrete. A method for manufacturing an insulating concrete shell is also disclosed.

The invention relates to a metal element (12) for anchoring an anti-erosion coating that is intended to be fastened alone in an isolated manner to a metal wall or assembled with other identical anchoring elements. The anchoring element (12) has an edge (12a) for fastening to said metal wall and an anchoring body firmly attached to the fastening edge (12a) and having an upper edge (12b) that is away from the fastening edge and intended to be covered by a composite material of concrete type. A section of this upper edge (12b), which is not intended to be juxtaposed and assembled with an upper edge of an identical anchoring element, is provided with a delimiting tab (16) in order to delimit a height of composite material that must cover the upper edge (12b) of said anchoring element, said delimiting tab (16) having a delimiting edge (18) that is a predetermined distance away from a plane defined by the upper edge (12b) of the anchoring element.

A vessel used for containing molten metal has a refractory liner with an exterior surface and a metal-contacting interior surface and is made of at least two refractory liner units abutting at a joint. A housing at least partially surrounds the exterior surface of the refractory liner with a gap present between the exterior surface and the housing. Molten metal confinement elements, impenetrable by molten metal, are positioned within the gap to partition the gap into a molten metal confinement region between the elements and at least one other region. For example, the other region may be used to hold equipment such as electrical heaters that may be damaged by contact with molten metal. A drain outlet positioned in the housing allows molten metal entering the gap to drain out of the gap at the drain outlet.

An exemplary embodiment relates to a fireproof ceramic bottom in the connection region to at least one wall of a vessel for handling high-temperature melts.

An exemplary embodiment relates to a fireproof ceramic bottom in the connection region to at least one wall of a vessel for handling high-temperature melts.

Provided is a vacuum beat insulation structure for a heating furnace having a beating space covered by an inner cylinder serving as an inner wall, and an outer cylinder serving as an outer wall configured to cover the inner cylinder, and a vacuum space formed between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder, the vacuum heat insulation structure including a reflective film disposed in the vacuum space and configured to prevent transfer of radiant heat from the inner cylinder to the outer cylinder in the vacuum space, and a fixing tool configured to fix the reflective film to an inner surface of the outer cylinder so as not to come in contact with an outer surface of the inner cylinder.

A castable refractory composition may include from 5% to 95% by weight of alumina, aluminosilicate, or mixtures thereof; from 0.5% to 1.5% by weight alkaline earth metal oxide and/or hydroxide, and 0.1% to 5% by weight of silica having a surface area of at least about 10 m.sup.2/g. The refractory composition may include no more than 0.5% by weight of cementitious binder. The refractory composition may release less than 25 cm.sup.3 of hydrogen gas per kilogram of castable refractory composition upon addition of water. The refractory compositions may set on addition of water.

A method of cooling a liner in a plasma chamber. A recycle gas is contacted with or passed through the liner to cool the liner and pre-heat the recycle gas. The pre-heated gas is then recycled through the plasma chamber to become part of the plasma forming process. The method further comprises the liner is graphite, the recycle gas passes through at least one cooling channel present in the liner, at least one of the cooling channels are covered with at least one removable liner/channel cover, carbon deposits are formed from the presence of hydrocarbons in the recycle gas, at least one channel is formed in a spiral cooling channel pattern, at least one channel is formed in a substantially straight cooling channel pattern, and a plenum to aid in the production of an even distribution of cooling gas in the channels.