A heat pipe or a bundle of heat pipes for transporting geothermal heat in a well is provided. As the temperature rises at one end of the heat pipe, the operating fluid turns to a vapor which absorbs the latent heat. The hot vapor within the heat pipe flows to the cooler end of the heat pipe where it then condenses and releases the latent heat. The condensed fluid then flows back to the hot side of the heat pipe and the process repeats itself.

A curable thermal interface material and a cooling device, and a cooling device manufacturing method thereof are provided. The curable thermal interface material includes thermal conductive material and polymeric material, which is formed from the mixture of thermal conductive material and polymeric material. The curable thermal interface material is disposed on the heat sink, so as to properly conduct heat from the heat source to the heat sink to achieve heat dissipation.

Polymer-based selective radiative cooling structures are provided which include a selectively emissive layer of a polymer or a polymer matrix composite material. Exemplary selective radiative cooling structures are in the form of a sheet, film or coating. Also provided are methods for removing heat from a body by selective thermal radiation using polymer-based selective radiative cooling structures.

The present disclosure relates to a corrosion resistant duplex stainless steel (ferritic austenitic alloy), which is suitable for use in a plant for the production of urea and uses thereof. The disclosure also relates to objects made of the duplex stainless steel. Furthermore, the present disclosure relates to a method for the production of urea and to a plant for the production of urea having one or more parts made from the duplex stainless steel, and to a method of modifying an existing plant for the production of urea.

A floating heat sink support with copper sheets for a LED flip chip package may include least two copper sheets and a flexible polymer for fixing the copper sheets, where the copper sheets separated from each other, and where each of the copper sheets is electrically connected with a positive or negative pole of a LED flip chip. Further, a LED package assembly may comprise the floating heat sink support as mentioned above and one or more LED chips welded in a flip chip manner on the floating heat sink support. A number of copper sheets in the floating heat sink support are heated separately and expand separately to avoid the breakage of a chip substrate resulting from the thermal expansion of a whole bulk of copper sheet, thereby improving the reliability of the LED package structure and prolonging the service life of a LED light source.

A clad material includes a core material, a first skin material covering one side of the core material, and a second skin material covering the other side of the core material. The clad material is brazed in a state in which the first and second skin materials overlap each other. The core material is made of an Al alloy containing Mn (0.6 to 1.5 mass %), Ti (0.05 to 0.25 mass %), Cu (less than 0.05 mass %), Zn (less than 0.05 mass %), Fe (0.2 mass % or less), and Si (0.45 mass % or less) (balance: Al and unavoidable impurities). The first skin material is made of an Al alloy containing Si (6.8 to 11.0 mass %) and Zn (0.05 mass % or less) (balance: Al and unavoidable impurities). The second skin material is made of an Al alloy containing Si (4.0 to 6.0 mass %) and Cu (0.5 to 1.0 mass %) (balance: Al and unavoidable impurities).

A brazed heat exchanger includes plates that are stacked or nested to define flow channels for multiple media. Inserts are arranged within at least some of the flow channels. Two different braze alloys having compositions based on different metals are used to form braze joints between the plates and the inserts. In some cases, a copper-based braze alloy is used for joints corresponding to flow channels for one of the media in order to provide high pressure-resisting strength to those flow channels, while an iron-based braze alloy is used for joints corresponding to flow channels for another of the media where dissolved copper is undesirable.

A heat conduction member includes: a cylindrical ceramic body, a metal pipe on the outer periphery side of the cylindrical ceramic body, and an intermediate member held between the cylindrical ceramic body and the metal pipe. The cylindrical ceramic body has passages passing through from one end face to the other end face and allowing the first fluid to flow therethrough. The intermediate member is made of material having at least a part having a Young's modulus of 150 Gpa or less. The first fluid is allowed to flow through the inside of the cylindrical ceramic body while the second fluid having lower temperature than that of the first fluid is allowed to flow on the outer peripheral face side of the metal pipe to perform heat exchange between the first fluid and the second fluid.

A heat conduction member includes: a cylindrical ceramic body, a metal pipe on the outer periphery side of the cylindrical ceramic body, and an intermediate member held between the cylindrical ceramic body and the metal pipe. The cylindrical ceramic body has passages passing through from one end face to the other end face and allowing the first fluid to flow therethrough. The intermediate member is made of material having at least a part having a Young's modulus of 150 Gpa or less. The first fluid is allowed to flow through the inside of the cylindrical ceramic body while the second fluid having lower temperature than that of the first fluid is allowed to flow on the outer peripheral face side of the metal pipe to perform heat exchange between the first fluid and the second fluid.

A surface treatment method for aluminum heat exchangers including (a) a step wherein a chemical conversion coating film is formed on the surface of an aluminum heat exchanger by subjecting the aluminum heat exchanger to chemical conversion using a chemical conversion agent; (b) a step wherein the aluminum heat exchanger, the surface of which has been provided with a chemical conversion coating film in step (a), is brought into contact with a hydrophilizing agent that contains a hydrophilic resin; and (c) a step wherein a hydrophilized coating film is formed on the surface of the aluminum heat exchanger by baking the aluminum heat exchanger, which has been subjected to a contact treatment in step (b). The chemical conversion agent used in step (a) contains zirconium and/or titanium in an amount of 5-5,000 ppm by mass in total, vanadium in an amount of 10-1,000 ppm by mass and a metal stabilizer in an amount of 5-5,000 ppm by mass. In addition, the chemical conversion agent used in step (a) has a pH of 2-6.