Nitrogen oxides formed in combustion engines are recycled such that the nitrogen oxides can be utilized for producing liquid or solid chemicals. The nitrogen oxides are recycled by a method including an adsorber material adsorbing nitrogen oxides from an exhaust-gas stream of the combustion engine, removing the adsorber material laden with nitrogen oxides, desorbing the adsorbed nitrogen oxides from the adsorber material, and converting the nitrogen oxides desorbed from the adsorber material into liquid or solid nitrogen-containing compounds.

To provide a hydrocarbon adsorbent having high hydrocarbon adsorbing properties even after exposed to a high temperature/high humidity reducing atmosphere.

A hydrocarbon adsorbent, which includes a FAU type zeolite having a lattice constant of at least 24.29 and containing copper. Such a hydrocarbon adsorbent may be used for a method for adsorbing hydrocarbons to be exposed to a high temperature/high humidity environment, and may be used particularly for a method for adsorbing hydrocarbons in an exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine, such as an automobile exhaust gas.

A process for the preparation of a zeolitic material having a FAU-type framework structure comprising YO.sub.2 and X.sub.2O.sub.3, comprising: (a) preparing a mixture comprising one or more sources of YO.sub.2, one or more sources of X.sub.2O.sub.3, and one or more structure directing agents (SDA); (b) crystallizing the zeolitic material from the mixture obtained in (a); wherein Y is a tetravalent element and X is a bivalent element, and wherein the one or more structure directing agents comprise one or more isomers of diaminomethylcyclohexane. A zeolitic material having an FAU-type framework structure obtained according to the inventive process; processes for preparing a coated substrate and a shaped body, respectively, from the zeolitic material having a FAU-type framework structure obtained according to the inventive process and, a method for selectively reducing nitrogen oxides NOx employing said zeolitic material.

A CO.sub.2 recovery system used in a vehicle includes a CO.sub.2 recovery device recovering CO.sub.2 contained in inflowing gas; and a flow rate control device controlling flow rates of gases present in a plurality of different regions of the vehicle flowing into the CO.sub.2 recovery device. The gases present at the plurality of different regions include at least any two among air at an outside of the vehicle, air at an inside of the vehicle, and exhaust gas discharged from a body of an internal combustion engine of the vehicle.

A vehicle comprises an internal combustion engine including an engine body and a catalyst device and a carbon dioxide recovery device recovering carbon dioxide contained in the exhaust is provided. The engine body, catalyst device, and carbon dioxide recovery device are mounted in the vehicle so that relationships X1>X2 and X2>X3 stand where a distance from a mounting position of the engine body to a mounting position of the carbon dioxide recovery device is X1, a distance from a mounting position of the catalyst device to the mounting position of the carbon dioxide recovery device is X2, and a distance from a mounting position of the engine body to a mounting position of the catalyst device is X3.

The present invention concerns a closed cycle combustion system for endothermic engines M, comprising: Means Z for filtering combustion air entering in endothermic engines M; Means A for molecular re-aggregation of the oxygen supplied by said means Z and entering in endothermic engines M; Tanks T for fuels or composite mixtures for feeding endothermic engines M; Means E for producing oxygen and hydrogen; Means I for the introduction into endothermic engines M of fuels or composite mixtures from tanks T, together with oxygen and hydrogen from said means E; Means R for exhaust gases recovery released by endothermic engines M and for the partial reintroduction of said exhaust gases into combustion or reaction chambers of said endothermic engines M; Means RD for cooling the exhaust gases reintroduced into said combustion or reaction chambers of said endothermic engines M; Means C1 and C2 for filtering the exhaust gases released from endothermic engines M, and supplied by means R; Means for confining the polluting substances obtained from the filtering of said exhaust gases released from said endothermic engines M, supplied by said means R.

Nitrogen oxides formed in combustion engines are recycled such that the nitrogen oxides can be utilized for producing liquid or solid chemicals. The nitrogen oxides are recycled by a method including an adsorber material adsorbing nitrogen oxides from an exhaust-gas stream of the combustion engine, removing the adsorber material laden with nitrogen oxides, desorbing the adsorbed nitrogen oxides from the adsorber material, and converting the nitrogen oxides desorbed from the adsorber material into liquid or solid nitrogen-containing compounds.

A system includes a controller for an exhaust aftertreatment system including a SCR catalyst in exhaust gas-receiving communication with an engine and at least one reductant dosing system structured to provide reductant to the exhaust gas. The controller is structured to determine a ratio of NO to NO.sub.2 at or proximate an inlet of the SCR catalyst. The controller is further structured to command the at least one reductant dosing system to increase, decrease, or maintain an amount of reductant provided to the exhaust gas based on comparing the ratio of NO to NO.sub.2 to a previous NO to NO.sub.2 ratio.

A hydrocarbon adsorbent having high hydrocarbon adsorbing properties even after exposed to a high temperature/high humidity reducing atmosphere, includes a FAU type zeolite having in ESR measurement a spin concentration of a least 1.010{circumflex over ()}19 (spins/g) and a ratio of a peak intensity at a magnetic field of at least 260 mT and at most 270 mT to a peak intensity at a magnetic field of at least 300 mT and at most 320 mT of at least 0.25 and at most 0.50 and containing bivalent copper. The hydrocarbon adsorbent may be used for a method for adsorbing hydrocarbons to be exposed to a high temperature/high humidity environment, and may be used particularly for a method for adsorbing hydrocarbons in an exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine, such as an automobile exhaust gas.

The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of a zeolitic material having a FAU-type framework M structure comprising YO.sub.2 and X.sub.2O.sub.3, said process comprising: (a) preparing a mixture comprising one or more sources of YO.sub.2, one or more sources of X.sub.2O.sub.3, and one or more structure directing agents (SDA); (b) crystallizing the zeolitic material from the mixture obtained in (a); wherein Y is a tetravalent element and X is a trivalent element, and wherein the one or more structure directing agents comprise one or more isomers of diaminomethylcyclohexane as well as to a zeolitic material having an FAU-type framework structure obtainable and/or obtained according to the inventive process, to processes for preparing a coated substrate and a shaped body, respectively, from the zeolitic material having a FAU-type framework structure obtainable and/or obtained according to the inventive process, as well as to a method for selectively reducing nitrogen oxides NO.sub.x employing said zeolitic material.