A control device of an internal combustion engine comprises a heater control part configured to set a target temperature of the electrochemical cell and control the heater so that a temperature of the electrochemical cell becomes the target temperature. The heater control part sets the target temperature to a first temperature when water injection by the water injection device is not being demanded after a predetermined time elapses from startup of the internal combustion engine, and sets the target temperature to a second temperature when an operating state of the internal combustion engine is in a water outflow state where water injected by the water injection device reaches the exhaust passage without going through combustion of air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber. The second temperature is higher than the first temperature.

The present invention relates to a method for controlling injection of a gaseous fuel, such as hydrogen or a hydrogen based gas, and a water-based fluid medium into a combustion engine. The method comprises the steps of: in a first operational mode injecting the gaseous fuel and optionally a water based fluid medium into a combustion chamber of the engine at a relatively high pressure; in a second operational mode injecting water as liquid into engine to reduce the temperature and pressure inside the combustion chamber, and injecting the gaseous fuel into the combustion chamber at a relatively low pressure.

A system for monitoring fuel additives on board a vehicle includes a fuel line carrying fuel from a fuel source to an engine; a fuel additive sensor configured to measure concentration of additives in fuel at a point along the fuel line; a fuel additive dispenser connected in parallel to the fuel line; at least one flow control device for controlling an amount of flow from the fuel line into the fuel additive dispenser; and a controller configured to receive input from the fuel additive sensor and to control the flow control device to adjust the amount of the flow from the fuel line into the fuel additive dispenser.

Systems and methods for use with water-fuel supply to industrial engines are provided. A method for controlling water supplied to an engine may include using both a desired water-fuel ratio, and a compensated fuel flow. This compensated fuel flow may be calculated by a controller-implemented complementary filter, which may include receiving, by the controller, a first signal and a second signal. The complementary filter may subtract the second signal from the first signal to create an error signal, lag the error signal to create a lagged error signal, and add the lagged error signal to the second signal to create a compensated signal. The controller may calculate a water flow request using a desired water-fuel ratio and the compensated signal.

A method and device of preparing an emulsion comprising a first liquid and a second liquid, said method comprising the step of dispersing the first liquid into the second liquid, characterized in that the method comprises: passing the first liquid through an injection nozzle (108) for creating a spray of droplets of the first liquid, and injecting thus created droplets of first liquid into the second liquid such that Q, where Q is equal to the square of the speed of the droplets, is at least 225 m.sup.2/s.sup.2; wherein W, wherein W is sg*Q*d divided by St with sg being the specific gravity of the first liquid in kg/m.sup.3, d being the mean Sauter droplet diameter in meter of the spray leaving the injection nozzle in air, and St being the surface tension of the first liquid in Newton/meter; is at least 250 kg*m/N*s.sup.2.

The present invention provides systems, methods and apparatus to overcome limitations of liquid fuel engine combustion. Liquid fuel is mixed with superheated water which vaporizes, mixes with air and ignites within the injector nozzle. The injector nozzles then accelerate the mixture into the engine combustion chamber where unburned fuel vapor mixes and burns. Combustion begins the instant of injection and increases uniformly. Combustion pressure builds progressively. Combustion of fuel vapor is more ideal, and better controlled. As part of the system and apparatus, the present disclosure also includes a low-cost high-speed solenoid valve which produces shorter injection pulses. It also includes a high-speed, high-air-volume solenoid fuel valve. In addition, the present invention and its disclosure create tools to develop and optimize this new method of fuel vapor injection.

Systems and methods for controlling fuel factions delivered to different cylinders are provided. In one example, a controller is configured to, during a single engine cycle and responsive to a first condition, deliver a lower fraction of a first fuel into a donor cylinder in comparison to a fraction of the first fuel being injected into a non-donor cylinder and deliver a higher fraction of a second fuel into the donor cylinder in comparison to a fraction of the second fuel being injected into the non-donor cylinder.

A system for injecting an aqueous solution into an injection engine, includes: a tank for an aqueous solution, a circuit for supplying aqueous solution to the tank and a filter for filtering the aqueous solution, and a circuit for recirculating the aqueous solution. The injection system also includes recirculation of the aqueous solution, and is provided with an electrovalve including a first inlet connected to a filler neck of the tank, a second inlet connected to the recirculation circuit, and an outlet connected to the supply circuit. The filtration filter is arranged in the supply circuit and/or in the recirculation circuit.

Methods and systems are provided for introducing water into an intake manifold of an internal combustion engine. In one example, the system may include a water container, a water inlet for inputting water into the intake manifold, and a throttle valve that is arranged between an intake manifold inlet and the internal combustion engine, with the water container arranged at a higher point than the water inlet and the water inlet opening into the intake manifold downstream of the throttle valve. A switchable valve is arranged in fluidic connection with both the water container and the water inlet, with the result that it can enable or interrupt the introduction of water into the intake manifold and also create a Venturi effect at the water inlet, which draws water from the water container.

A system for monitoring fuel additives on board a vehicle includes a fuel line carrying fuel from a fuel source to an engine; a fuel additive sensor configured to measure concentration of additives in fuel at a point along the fuel line; a fuel additive dispenser connected in parallel to the fuel line; at least one flow control device for controlling an amount of flow from the fuel line into the fuel additive dispenser; and a controller configured to receive input from the fuel additive sensor and to control the flow control device to adjust the amount of the flow from the fuel line into the fuel additive dispenser.