A port injection engine, in which injected fuel readily vaporizes inside suction ports, includes: a suction port; a suction valve; and a port injector that injects fuel to an inner peripheral surface of the suction port. When the fuel is burned in a predetermined combustion cycle, an injection start of a fuel injection period is set within an end part of a valve opening period before the suction valve is fully closed, during a combustion cycle previous to the predetermined combustion cycle. The end part of the valve opening period is preferably set from 50° to 20° before the suction valve is fully closed at a crank angle.

In at least some implementations, a fuel metering valve, includes a bobbin defining a passage and having one or more voids in the surface of the bobbin that defines the passage, aa wire coil around the bobbin and an armature. The armature is received within the passage in the bobbin and movable relative to the bobbin from a first position to a second position when electricity is supplied to the wire coil.

An intake structure of the present invention is applied to a multi-cylinder engine including an electrically controlled throttle integrally including a throttle valve configured to adjust an amount of air to be supplied to the engine and an electronic control unit configured to control the throttle valve. The engine intake structure includes: an air cleaner configured to purify the air; and an intake manifold configured to distribute the air purified by the air cleaner to an intake port of each cylinder of the multi-cylinder engine. The electrically controlled throttle is attached to the intake manifold such that the electronic control unit is separated outward in a radial direction of an engine rotation shaft.

Embodiments of apparatus are disclosed for affecting working fluid flow in a system that delivers material between two locations by carrying the material in the working fluid. For example, embodiments of the disclosed apparatus may be used in an internal combustion engines to carry fuel droplets to a combustion area using air as the working fluid. The apparatus may include a passage including a funnel portion and tumble area that direct working fluid into a stratified stream. The stratified stream may include an outer boundary flow having a toroidal and/or helical flow characteristic and an inner flow carrying injected material that is bound by the outer flow.

An injector arrangement structure includes an air cleaner which is arranged at a rear side of an engine for a vehicle, a rear suspension which extends vertically at the rear side of the engine, and a first injector which is attached to the air cleaner. The air cleaner includes an outlet tube configuring a clean side of the air cleaner. The rear suspension and the outlet tube overlap each other in a side view. A partition wall dividing an intake passage vertically is provided inside the outlet tube. The first injector is attached from a lower side of the outlet tube so as to inject fuel toward the partition wall.

An internal combustion engine includes combustion chambers, each having a controllable intake valve controlling an intake port, a controllable exhaust valve controlling an exhaust port, a piston, and a fuel injector. An intake manifold is connected to the intake port of each chamber. In catalytic converter warm-up mode, each chamber is driven in four-stroke operation including a 720 crank angle degrees cycle, and opens the intake port, starting to open in 90-180 CAD, and fully closes the intake port in 180-270 CAD, opens the exhaust port during the power stroke, starting in 405-495 CAD, opens the intake port during the exhaust stroke, starting in 610-690 CAD, and fully closes the exhaust port during the exhaust stroke in 630-710 CAD. Exhaust gas is forced into the intake manifold by the piston, mixing fuel and exhaust in the intake manifold, and fully closes the intake port in 700 to 720+20 CAD.

A method for dynamic gas partial pressure correction of an internal combustion engine with external mixture formation. A mixture formation is carried out in an intake manifold upstream of the cylinder of the internal combustion engine, and in which in addition to the gas partial pressure of the fresh air flowing continuously into the intake manifold, the gas partial pressure of the fuel, fed discontinuously into the intake manifold, is also taken into account. The gas partial pressure of the fuel, fed into the intake manifold, said pressure which is assumed to be stationary as a function of determined parameters, is dynamically adjusted for each of the cylinder-individual, temporally successive injections, discharged into the intake manifold, by means of a correction factor and a fresh air correction filling value.

In at least some implementations, a throttle body assembly includes a body that has multiple throttle bores, multiple throttle valve heads received one in each of the throttle bores, at least one throttle valve shaft to which the throttle valve heads are coupled, and at least one of a fuel metering valve and a vapor separator carried by the body.

In the preferred embodiments an air flow diverting blade is integral to a base that doubles as a collar designed to co-axially attach to the nozzle tip end of a typical port fuel injector for internal combustion engines. Upon simple manual manipulation of the set rotational angle of the typically externally exposed portion of the port fuel injector along its longitudinal axis, as typical modern port injection systems allow after installation, the angle of the intra-port flow diverting blade can be selectively varied to either straighten existing swirl and increase top end flow, or, introduce lateral directional swirl to whatever angle and intensity in either direction is desired. The functional use of a typical port fuel injector is thereby elevated to a multifunction of tunable fuel and air flow control at the point of induction into a combustion chamber without any modification to existing engine designs or their engine management control systems employed therefore. The flow diverting blade can be configured to divert flow around the intake valve stem, guide and guide boss in such a manner to optimize the overall flow dimension of the induction system of a typical internal combustion engine. The flow diverting blade also provides an effective means by which the proximity and angle of fuel injection, relative to the combustion chamber, can be altered and improved as desired. The flow diverting blade also provides an effective means by which a modest increase in effective fuel injector nozzle pressure and fuel vaporization can be realized.

A powertrain system includes a port injection internal combustion engine. A first start process is a process in which fuel is enclosed in a compression stroke cylinder when the engine is stopped, and based on a stored crank stop position, ignition is performed in a first cycle of the compression stroke cylinder upon engine start. A second start process is a process in which, based on the stored crank stop position, fuel injection is performed for an intake stroke cylinder while the engine is stopped, and based on the stored crank stop position, ignition is performed in the first cycle of the intake stroke cylinder upon engine start. When a catalyst temperature at the time engine start is requested is equal to or higher than a first threshold, a control device starts the internal combustion engine by at least one of the first start process and the second start process.