A control device is configured to perform, when it is estimated that a combustion fluctuation increases, estimation related to an ignition delay for initial flame generated from a discharge spark and an air-fuel mixture containing fuel spray injected by intake stroke injection. When it is estimated that the ignition delay for the initial flame is increased from that before the increase in the combustion fluctuation, an injection amount in expansion stroke injection is reduced in a next time cycle. When it is estimated that the ignition delay for the initial flame is reduced from that before the increase in the combustion fluctuation, the injection amount in expansion stroke injection is increased in a next time cycle.

A composition is provided that has heat resistance sufficient for use as a hydrocarbon adsorbent and desorbs hydrocarbons slowly with respect to an increase in temperature. The composition includes an alkali metal and a zeolite having a YFI structure. A content of the alkali metal is 1 to 40 mass% based on a total mass of the composition, and a content of the zeolite having a YFI structure is 99 to 60 mass% based on the total mass of the composition.

An object of the present invention is to provide an exhaust gas purification catalyst having improved exhaust gas purifying performance (in particular, improved NOx purifying performance) at low to medium temperature, and, in order to achieve the object, the present invention provides an exhaust gas purification catalyst (10A) including: a substrate (20); and a catalyst layer (30 or 40) formed on the substrate (20), wherein the catalyst layer (30 or 40) contains rhodium element, phosphorus element and a rare earth element other than cerium element, wherein a ratio of a mass of the phosphorus element contained in the catalyst layer (30 or 40) to the mass of the rhodium element contained in the catalyst layer (30 or 40) is from 1 to 10, and wherein a ratio of a mass of the rare earth element other than cerium element in terms of an oxide thereof contained in the catalyst layer (30 or 40) to the mass of the rhodium element contained in the catalyst layer (30 or 40) is from 1 to 5.

An object of the present invention is to increase the reduction performance of nitrogen oxides compared to existing three-way catalysts; simultaneously inhibit the emission of ammonia and nitrous oxide; simplify a process by means of a method of further doping an iridium-ruthenium catalyst into a commercial three-way catalyst; and expand the scope of application. The present invention provides a catalyst for simultaneously inhibiting the emission of ammonia and nitrous oxide by doping an iridium-ruthenium catalyst component into a three-way catalyst (TWC), a diesel oxidation catalyst, or a lean NOx trap supported on a honeycomb support.

A method for heating an exhaust gas aftertreatment component in an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine. At the combustion chamber, a fuel injector for injecting a fuel into the combustion chamber and a spark plug for igniting a flammable fuel-air mixture are arranged. The internal combustion engine has a valve lift curve switching mechanism, which allows for a shift and/or change of the opening times of the exhaust valve. The method includes: intake of fresh air into the combustion chamber, injection of a fuel into the combustion chamber, ignition of an ignitable fuel-air mixture in the combustion chamber when the piston is in a range of 10° KW to 30° KW after the upper ignition dead point, and opening of the exhaust valve when the piston is in a range of 55° KW to 95° KW after the upper ignition dead point.

Provided is a preparation method of a coating material. The method includes: using an aluminum salt and a silicon source as precursors; and performing hydrothermal crystallization and calcination treatments successively under an action of a template agent to obtain the coating material, wherein the template agent is used to cause the coating material to form a porous spherical structure. In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the preparation process of the coating material is simple and the cost is low, and the specific surface area of the prepared coating material is large.

A hybrid vehicle includes a canister that adsorbs evaporative fuel generated in the fuel tank for an internal combustion engine. The hybrid vehicle can drive a drive wheel even when the internal combustion engine is stopped. When the internal combustion engine of the hybrid vehicle is stopped and a prescribed set of conditions is satisfied, the internal combustion engine is rotated by the generator. When the internal combustion engine of the hybrid vehicle is rotated by the generator, the evaporative fuel adsorbed in the canister is supplied to the upstream side of an upstream side exhaust catalytic converter device. In the hybrid vehicle, the introduced evaporative fuel as reducing agent is adsorbed in the upstream side exhaust catalytic converter device and a downstream side exhaust catalytic converter device.

A wastegate valve for a bypass path for a turbocharger in an internal combustion engine, the wastegate valve comprises a valve seat defining a plane which is non-orthogonal to the principal flow axis for gases flowing along the bypass path and a valve member pivotable from an open position to a closed position, wherein in the closed position the valve member is seated on the valve seat, and in a fully open position the valve member is positioned to direct gases exiting the bypass path onto a leading face of a catalytic converter monolith for heating the monolith.

Methods and systems are provided for an emissions aftertreatment device. In one example, the emissions aftertreatment device may include a catalyst and a high entropy oxygen storage material formed of at least five metal oxides in equal molar proportions. The at least five metal oxides includes one or more rare earth metals as well as other metals with similar chemical properties as the rare earth metals.

The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an oxygen storage and release material comprising a ceria-zirconia-based complex oxide improved in ability to remove HC and NOx and a three-way catalyst able to reduce an amount of NOx emission. Further, to solve this problem, an oxygen storage and release material comprising a ceria-zirconia-based complex oxide containing Gd.sub.2O.sub.3 in 0.1 mol % or more and less than 20 mol % and having an ion conductivity of 2×10.sup.−5 S/cm or more at 400° C. is provided. Further, in addition to the above, an oxygen storage and release material having a molar ratio of cerium and zirconium of 0.2 or more and 0.6 or less by cerium/(cerium+zirconium) and an speed of oxygen storage and release “Δt.sub.50” of 20.0 seconds or more or amount of oxygen storage and release of 300 μmol-O.sub.2/g or more etc. was obtained. Further, by applying the oxygen storage and release material to the catalyst, it is possible to assist the purification of exhaust gas as it changes every instant in accordance with the driving conditions and possible to obtain a catalyst with a higher ability to remove harmful components of catalytic precious metals than before. In particular, it is possible to obtain an automotive exhaust gas purification system excellent in ability to remove CO, NOx, and HC.