The present disclosure is directed to significantly improving the adiabatic shear banding susceptibility of pure refractory metals as well as overcoming the physical dimension limitations when making kinetic energy penetrators. These improvements may be achieved by arranging interlayers between plasticly deformed refractory metal material layers. Disclosed herein are methods of making material for kinetic energy penetrator applications, the methods comprising: severely plasticly deforming a refractory metal material until the grain size of the refractory metal material is within one of ultrafine grain and nanocrystalline regimes; arranging an interlayer material adjacent the refractory metal material; and diffusion bonding the interlayer material to the refractory metal material.

The present disclosure is directed to significantly improving the adiabatic shear banding susceptibility of pure refractory metals as well as overcoming the physical dimension limitations when making kinetic energy penetrators. These improvements may be achieved by arranging interlayers between plasticly deformed refractory metal material layers. Disclosed herein are methods of making material for kinetic energy penetrator applications, the methods comprising: severely plasticly deforming a refractory metal material until the grain size of the refractory metal material is within one of ultrafine grain and nanocrystalline regimes; arranging an interlayer material adjacent the refractory metal material; and diffusion bonding the interlayer material to the refractory metal material.

Devices and methods for detection of evidence of life or ore bodies on or near the surface of extraterrestrial bodies (e.g., Mars) are described. In particular, a ground penetrating probe capable of s conducting life detection or other experiments and transmitting the data from the experiments to a satellite relay is described. Methods of use for such devices and apparatus are described.

A cartridge with a bullet has desirable penetration capabilities and controlled separation of components upon terminal impact. In embodiments of the invention, the bullet comprises a forward component, a lead core, and a copper jacket. The bullet having a forward nose portion with a plurality of cutaways spaced circumferentially about the nose portion. The copper jacket having a leading edge portion positioned at the cutaways.

A cartridge with a bullet has desirable penetration capabilities and controlled separation of components upon terminal impact. In embodiments of the invention, the bullet comprises a forward component, a lead core, and a copper jacket. The bullet having a forward nose portion with a plurality of cutaways spaced circumferentially about the nose portion. The copper jacket having a leading edge portion positioned at the cutaways.

Provided herein are penetrator projectiles for use with explosive ordnance disposal disrupters, and related methods of making and using. The penetrator projectile has a tip, neck, shaft and base, wherein the geometry and composition of the different elements are selected to ensure the projectile is ballistically stable after firing to provide improved free-flight characteristics and corresponding explosive ordnance disruption.

Provided herein are penetrator projectiles for use with explosive ordnance disposal disrupters, and related methods of making and using. The penetrator projectile has a tip, neck, shaft and base, wherein the geometry and composition of the different elements are selected to ensure the projectile is ballistically stable after firing to provide improved free-flight characteristics and corresponding explosive ordnance disruption.

A cartridge with component bullet has desirable penetration capabilities and controlled separation of components upon terminal impact. In embodiments of the invention, the cartridge comprises a component, a lead core, and a copper jacket. The lead jacket having a leading edge portion that exposes the cutaways. The component bullet may have a forward pointed ogive portion with cutaways spaced circumferentially.

A cartridge with component bullet has desirable penetration capabilities and controlled separation of components upon terminal impact. In embodiments of the invention, the cartridge comprises a component, a lead core, and a copper jacket. The lead jacket having a leading edge portion that exposes the cutaways. The component bullet may have a forward pointed ogive portion with cutaways spaced circumferentially.

A two-piece firearm projectile includes a jacket and a penetrator. The proximal end portion of the penetrator is received in and mates with a corresponding recess defined in the inside surface of the jacket. A three-piece projectile includes a jacket, a slug, and a penetrator. The slug and at least part of the penetrator are encased by the jacket, where the slug is positioned between the base of the jacket and the proximal end of the penetrator. The proximal end of the penetrator overlaps axially and mates with the distal end of the slug. In one example, a frustoconical end of the penetrator is received in and mates with a frustoconical recess in the distal end of the slug or the jacket as the case may be.