Methods and apparatuses for manipulating the temperature of a surface are provided. Devices of the present disclosure may include a thermal adjustment apparatus, such as a controller in electrical communication with one or more thermoelectric materials, placed adjacent to the surface of skin. The device may generate a series of thermal pulses at the surface, for providing an enhanced thermal sensation for a user. The thermal pulses may be characterized by temperature reversibility, where each pulse includes an initial temperature adjustment, followed by a return temperature adjustment, over a short period of time (e.g., less than 120 seconds). The average rate of temperature change upon initiation and upon return may be between about 0.1 C./sec and about 10.0 C./sec. In some cases, the average rate of the initial temperature adjustment is greater in magnitude than the average rate of the return temperature adjustment.

There is also provided a self-sustainable body-cooling garment for cooling a body portion of a human or an animal adapted to use the air pumping footwear and a cooling system for cooling the human or animal's body. There is provided a footwear comprising an air pump adapted to pump air when worn by a human or an animal during a pedestrian movement and to store or direct the pumped air for use by a cooling system for cooling the pumped air and using the cooled air for cooling the human or the animal. There is also provided a cooling system comprising an air pump adapted to be embedded within a footwear and a nozzle adapted to cool air pumped using the footwear when worn by a human or animal during a pedestrian movement.

A portable, wearable, cooling system for the avoidance and management of hyperthermia, and more particularly a self-contained cooling system that can be integrated into a garment. In one embodiment, the system comprises a removable cartridge having a cooling fluid therein, attached via tubing to a motorized pump driven by a power pack, such that the pump drives water from the cartridge through a circuit of tubes into a bladder that provides a cooling effect to the wearer. In another embodiment, the bladder is not a removable piece but is an integrated portion of the garment, formed by creating a lumen in between two layers of bonded material. The lumen is connected at both its ends to the tubing that mns to the cartridge and pump. Cooling fluid is pumped through the lumen and thereby cools the wearer due to the proximity to the wearer's skin.

A headgear for protecting a user from head injury includes a helmet and a cooling unit. The cooling unit is designed to be attachable to, and detachable from, the helmet by the user during normal use of the headgear. In an embodiment, the cooling unit includes one or more inlets, a fan for drawing in air into the cooling unit via the one or more inlets, a pad to hold moisture to cool the air drawn into the cooling unit to generate cooled air, and an air outlet to direct the cooled air into said helmet.

A thermostatic garment being heated and cooled by a power supply and includes a thermostatic garment body. A first heat exchange water pipe network and a second heat exchange water pipe network are arranged on the thermostatic garment body in a laying manner. A thermoelectric cooler, an electric heating sheet, a controller, a power supply, a first water pump, a second water pump, a first heat conducting water tank, and a second heat conducting water tank are arranged outside the thermostatic garment body. The first heat conducting water tank is provided with a first temperature sensor, and the first temperature sensor is electrically connected to an input end of the controller. Output ends of the controller is further electrically connected to the thermoelectric cooler, the electric heating sheet and the water pump respectively. The electric heating sheet is connected to the first heat conducting water tank.

A refrigeration and/or heat transfer device includes a heating section and cooling section, a release member, and a one-way check valve affixed together in a continuous loop so working fluid may flow in one direction therein. The heating section absorbs heat and transfers such heat to the working fluid, thereby heating, expanding and increasing pressure upon the working fluid therein. The pressurized working fluid is released in a regulated manner from the heating section to the cooling section, thereby carrying the heat away. The released working fluid cools and transfers its heat to the surroundings within the cooling section. As released working fluid enters the cooling section, such fluid displaces already cooled working fluid, pushing such fluid through the one-way check valve back into the heating section to absorb heat. The working fluid may undergo a phase change or remain in a single phase throughout to enhance heat transfer.

A splash resistant multi-layered structure is provided. The structure includes a specific arrangement of layers of material and a plurality of three-dimensional spacers that helps prevent penetration through the structure by a fluid that contacts an outer surface of the structure due to a state of forced separation that exists between two adjacent layers of the structure due to the presence of the plurality of three-dimensional spacers positioned between the layers. The plurality of three-dimensional spacers can be positioned on one of the adjacent layers of the structure such that a distance at least as large as the maximum height of the plurality of three-dimensional spacers separates the two layers from each other and can be present on a layer of material in a continuous or discontinuous pattern or can be present on a layer of material in a random fashion. The presence of the three-dimensional spacers can reduce the basis weight or eliminate one or more layers of the structure, which, in turn, can reduce thermal resistance, lower the pressure drop across the layers of the structure, and reduce the overall weight of the structure to enhance breathability and comfort.

An apparatus having a plurality of inflatable members, the inflatable members worn in a vertical orientation on a human torso; a collar portion connected to the plurality of inflatable members; and at least one inflation tube connected to the plurality of inflatable members, wherein the inflation tube includes a mouthpiece and a valve to controllably inflate and deflate inflatable members in the plurality. The apparatus is worn by a person underneath a protective vest to provide ventilation of body heat between the person and the protective vest.

Embodiments of the present disclosure relate generally to a base fabric for body gear and other goods having designed performance characteristics, and in particular to technical gear, such as garments, that utilize multispectral cooling elements coupled to the exterior facing surface of a base fabric.

An integrated cooling and hydration vest, incorporating a vest like structure made from liquid impervious material, the vest having at least one chamber formed therein, the chamber being structured into an upper section and a bottom section, a divider provided between the upper and bottom sections, at least one aperture provided through the divider to allow frozen material deposited within the upper section as it melts to gravitate into the bottom section during usage, and a syphoning device operative being associated with said chamber to allow the user to extract the melted liquid from the bottom section for consumption during usage.