Provided are a spectrometer that may be easily manufactured while having high resolution and sensitivity due to reduced light loss and a non-invasive biometric sensor including the spectrometer. The spectrometer includes: a stacked light absorbing structure including a plurality of absorbing layers stacked in a vertical direction and having different absorption wavelength bands, and a plurality of tunnel junction layers respectively interposed between the plurality of absorbing layers to electrically connect the plurality of absorbing layers; and an illuminating unit configured to provide the stacked light absorbing structure with an illumination light for saturation of the plurality of absorbing layers.

Proposed is a temperature relation equation derivation method which includes irradiating a same point of a target substance with heating light for heating the target substance and measurement light for detecting a change of a reflectivity of the target substance caused by the heating light, detecting light of detecting intensity of each of incident light and reflected light of the measurement light, and calculating of deriving a temperature relation equation based on the reflectivity of the target substance by using a value detected in the detecting of light.

Proposed is a temperature relation equation derivation method which includes irradiating a same point of a target substance with heating light for heating the target substance and measurement light for detecting a change of a reflectivity of the target substance caused by the heating light, detecting light of detecting intensity of each of incident light and reflected light of the measurement light, and calculating of deriving a temperature relation equation based on the reflectivity of the target substance by using a value detected in the detecting of light.

A method and apparatus for cross-modal matching with polarimetric thermal image data is provided. According to one embodiment, the method comprises receiving a plurality of polarimetric thermal images of a face acquired by a polarimetric thermal imaging camera, extracting features of the face from each of the plurality of images to generate a plurality of feature vectors for each of the plurality of images, compositing the feature vectors for each of the plurality of images together to form composite feature vectors and cross-modally matching the composite feature vectors with other feature vectors, in order to determine whether the face matches a face represented by the other feature vectors.

An image processing system includes a processor configured to receive heat radiation from a scene by a spectropolarimetric imaging system adapted to generate a plurality of spectral frames, generate the plurality of spectral frames associated with the scene, each frame having a plurality of pixels, for each pixel from the generated plurality of spectral frames, extract scene associated spectral information, including pixel-specific temperature representing an object's temperature, and thermal texture factor representing the object's texture, for each of a plurality of materials having a specific emissivity in a library, generate reference spectral information as a function of temperature and thermal texture, match the extracted spectral information for each pixel from the generated plurality of spectral frames to the generated reference spectral information using a statistical method to minimize the associated variation, and extract spectral metadata from the matched reference spectral information for the associated material based on the match.

An image processing system includes a processor configured to receive heat radiation from a scene by a spectropolarimetric imaging system adapted to generate a plurality of spectral frames, generate the plurality of spectral frames associated with the scene, each frame having a plurality of pixels, for each pixel from the generated plurality of spectral frames, extract scene associated spectral information, including pixel-specific temperature representing an object's temperature, and thermal texture factor representing the object's texture, for each of a plurality of materials having a specific emissivity in a library, generate reference spectral information as a function of temperature and thermal texture, match the extracted spectral information for each pixel from the generated plurality of spectral frames to the generated reference spectral information using a statistical method to minimize the associated variation, and extract spectral metadata from the matched reference spectral information for the associated material based on the match.

A method and apparatus for cross-modal matching with polarimetric thermal image data is provided. According to one embodiment, the method comprises receiving a plurality of polarimetric thermal images of a face acquired by a polarimetric thermal imaging camera, extracting features of the face from each of the plurality of images to generate a plurality of feature vectors for each of the plurality of images, compositing the feature vectors for each of the plurality of images together to form composite feature vectors and cross-modally matching the composite feature vectors with other feature vectors, in order to determine whether the face matches a face represented by the other feature vectors.

A testing apparatus may include a stand having an aperture and a platform adjacent to the aperture, a clamp adjacent to the platform and configured to hold a coupon, and an actuator within the aperture. The actuator is configured to impart a first force on the platform and the coupon at a specified frequency. The testing apparatus may also include a displacement sensor adjacent to the stand and configured to measure a displacement of the coupon and circuitry connected to the actuator and the displacement sensor with the circuitry configured to collect data from the actuator and the displacement sensor.

Systems and methods for object and material recognition are provided and include a hyperspectral infrared camera that captures a three-dimensional image of an object and black-body emissions data indicating a polarization of black-body radiation emitted from the object. An image processing device accesses a database of expected polarization signatures of black-body emissions from materials at different temperatures and determines a material of the object based on (i) the black-body emissions data indicating the polarization of the black-body radiation emitted from the object, (ii) an ambient temperature of the environment of the system, and (iii) the database of expected polarization signatures of black-body emissions from a plurality of materials for different temperatures.

Systems and methods for object and material recognition are provided and include a hyperspectral infrared camera that captures a three-dimensional image of an object and black-body emissions data indicating a polarization of black-body radiation emitted from the object. An image processing device accesses a database of expected polarization signatures of black-body emissions from materials at different temperatures and determines a material of the object based on (i) the black-body emissions data indicating the polarization of the black-body radiation emitted from the object, (ii) an ambient temperature of the environment of the system, and (iii) the database of expected polarization signatures of black-body emissions from a plurality of materials for different temperatures.