A shower head water collecting device includes a water collecting hanging component, a temperature sensing element, an assembling component, a solar panel, and a temperature displaying element. The water collecting hanging component is provided for a shower head to be hung thereon and collects the water spraying from the shower head. The temperature sensing element is disposed inside the water collecting hanging component to sense the temperature of water spraying from the shower head. The assembling component is mounted on top of the water collecting hanging component. The solar panel and the temperature displaying element are disposed in the assembling component. The solar panel is electrically connected to the temperature sensing element and the temperature displaying element, wherein the solar panel harvests the light energy from the outside and converts it into electrical energy to supply power to the temperature sensing element and the temperature displaying element.

A wearable environmental sensor is configured to measure environmental information regarding a place where the device is worn, and includes a black-bulb temperature sensor including a black bulb and a temperature sensor for measuring internal temperature in the black bulb, the black-bulb temperature sensor being in a housing, wherein the black bulb includes an insertion hole into which the temperature sensor is inserted, the black bulb includes a weld portion welded to the housing, in an outer-circumferential portion of the bottom surface, the black bulb includes a guide portion in an outer-circumferential portion around the insertion hole, the housing includes an insertion opening into which the guide portion of the black bulb is inserted, the housing includes a protruding portion at an outer-circumferential portion around the insertion opening, and the guide portion is supported by the protruding portion.

A wearable environmental sensor is configured to measure environmental information regarding a place where the device is worn, and includes a black-bulb temperature sensor including a black bulb and a temperature sensor for measuring internal temperature in the black bulb, the black-bulb temperature sensor being in a housing, wherein the black bulb includes an insertion hole into which the temperature sensor is inserted, the black bulb includes a weld portion welded to the housing, in an outer-circumferential portion of the bottom surface, the black bulb includes a guide portion in an outer-circumferential portion around the insertion hole, the housing includes an insertion opening into which the guide portion of the black bulb is inserted, the housing includes a protruding portion at an outer-circumferential portion around the insertion opening, and the guide portion is supported by the protruding portion.

A sensor device for calculating air temperature includes a support structure, to be traversed by the air and defining a seat having an air inlet and an air outlet, and a sensor arranged inside the seat to detect at least one first value and at least one second value of the air temperature that traverses the seat. The sensor device is configured so that, when detecting the first and second value, the air traverses the seat at a first and at a second speed, at which the sensor has a first and second heat transfer coefficient and first and second radiant power. The ratio between air speeds, heat transfer coefficients, or radiant powers is predetermined. The sensor device can be used with a data processing logic unit that calculates the air temperature starting from the first value, the second value, or the ratios between air speeds and radiant powers.

A sensor device for calculating air temperature includes a support structure, to be traversed by the air and defining a seat having an air inlet and an air outlet, and a sensor arranged inside the seat to detect at least one first value and at least one second value of the air temperature that traverses the seat. The sensor device is configured so that, when detecting the first and second value, the air traverses the seat at a first and at a second speed, at which the sensor has a first and second heat transfer coefficient and first and second radiant power. The ratio between air speeds, heat transfer coefficients, or radiant powers is predetermined. The sensor device can be used with a data processing logic unit that calculates the air temperature starting from the first value, the second value, or the ratios between air speeds and radiant powers.

Various non-invasive sensors are adapted to be placed on a surface of an object having a volume with an internal region. The internal region of the object has internal properties indicated by corresponding internal parameters and an internal temperature distribution that is a function of the internal parameters and surface thermal signals. Each non-invasive sensor includes a heat flux sensor having one or more heat flux sensor output terminals to provide a measured heat transfer signal for the surface of the object, and a temperature sensor having one or more temperature sensor output terminals to provide a measured temperature signal for the surface of the object. Systems including one or more of the sensors perform non-invasive sensing of the object including accurate and rapid determination of an internal temperature distribution of the internal region of the object as well as one or more other internal properties of the object.

Various non-invasive sensors are adapted to be placed on a surface of an object having a volume with an internal region. The internal region of the object has internal properties indicated by corresponding internal parameters and an internal temperature distribution that is a function of the internal parameters and surface thermal signals. Each non-invasive sensor includes a heat flux sensor having one or more heat flux sensor output terminals to provide a measured heat transfer signal for the surface of the object, and a temperature sensor having one or more temperature sensor output terminals to provide a measured temperature signal for the surface of the object. Systems including one or more of the sensors perform non-invasive sensing of the object including accurate and rapid determination of an internal temperature distribution of the internal region of the object as well as one or more other internal properties of the object.

A method of determining a turbine inlet temperature for a gas turbine engine includes measuring pressure changes within a combustion section of the gas turbine engine during operation of the gas turbine engine to produce pressure versus time data, extracting a resonant frequency from the pressure versus time data, and calculating the turbine inlet temperature based solely on the resonant frequency.

The present invention provides, in order to improve detection accuracy, a freezing detection device comprising: a strut having a mounting space formed therein, the strut being installed in a freezing measurement area in which a freezing detection object unit is disposed; a probe made of a magnetostrictive material and disposed to penetrate the strut, the lower end of the probe being inserted into the mounting space, the upper end thereof being exposed to the freezing measurement area, the probe having a drive coil disposed so as to surround the outer periphery of one side of the interior of the mounting space such that a driving magnetic field for magnetostrictive vibration is formed, and the probe having a feedback coil disposed so as to surround the outer periphery of the other side of the interior of the mounting space while being spaced apart from the drive coil by a predetermined interval; a variable adjustment unit circuit-connected to the drive coil and the feedback coil such that errors of a vibration frequency occurring in the probe are adjusted; a magnet unit disposed along outer peripheries of the drive coil and the feedback coil such that the vibration displacement of the probe increases, thereby forming a bias magnetic field; an elastic member disposed in the mounting space and provided to have an elastic modulus preconfigured such that a vibration frequency occurs in the probe, the elastic member generating magnetostrictive vibration and elastically supporting the probe; and so as to apply a voltage corresponding to a vibration frequency, the calculation control unit indirectly assessing the freezing condition of the freezing detection object unit through a change in the vibration frequency of the probe resulting from a freezing load.

A sensor assembly includes a housing defining a potting chamber and arranged along a sensor axis, a mounting flange extending about the sensor axis the axially offset along the sensor axis from the housing, and one or more intermediate flange. The one or more intermediate flange is arranged between the housing and the mounting flange along the sensor axis, the one or more intermediate flange coupling the mounting flange to the housing. The one or more intermediate flange is spaced apart from mounting flange to limit thermal communication between the mounting flange and the housing. Gas turbine engines and methods of cooling sensor assemblies are also described.