Methods, apparatus, and systems for mitigating pinhole defects in optical devices such as electrochromic windows. One method mitigates a pinhole defect in an electrochromic device by identifying the site of the pinhole defect and obscuring the pinhole to make it less visually discernible. In some cases, the pinhole defect may be the result of mitigating a short-related defect.

A method for determining geometrical parameters of a soft contact lens comprises the steps of providing an OCT imaging device comprising an OCT light source; providing a soft contact lens arranging the soft contact lens relative to the OCT imaging device so light coming from the OCT light source impinges on the back surface of the soft contact lens; generating a three-dimensional OCT image of the soft contact lens; from the three-dimensional OCT image determining a plurality of edge points located on the edge of the soft contact lens, connecting adjacent ones of the edge points by individual straight lines; summing up the lengths of all individual straight lines to a length U of the approximated circumference of the soft contact lens; from the length U determining a diameter D of the lens according to D=U/π.

A method for measuring the optical quality of a given region of a glazing of a road or rail vehicle, the region being intended to be positioned in the optical path of an image-acquiring device, the measuring method being implemented by a measuring device including an emitter and a wavefront analyzer, the measuring method including emitting, with the emitter, a beam of light rays in the direction of the given region, analyzing, with the wavefront analyzer, the wavefront of the light rays transmitted by the given region, including generating a wavefront-error map, and determining, on the basis of the wavefront-error map, at least one optical-defect map, of any optical defects present in the region of the glazing.

Optical gratings, such as those used in waveguide displays, may have large aspect ratios. For example, a grating characteristic (e.g., period, feature size, etc.) can be much smaller than the grating area. Variations in the grating characteristic over the grating area may appear like a secondary grating having a long grating period superimposed on a primary grating for which the optical grating was designed. Because variations responsible for the secondary grating occur over a long distance relative to the primary grating period, it may be difficult to locate and characterize these variations with testing methods designed for shorter distances. The present disclosure presents systems and methods to detect and characterize the secondary gratings quickly and efficiently.

According to one embodiment, an optical test apparatus includes a first aperture, a second aperture, an image sensor, and a first lens. The first aperture includes a first aperture plane provided with a first wavelength selecting region. The second aperture includes a second aperture plane provided with a second wavelength selecting region different from the first wavelength selecting region. The image sensor is configured to image a light beam passing through the first aperture plane and the second aperture plane and reaching an imaging plane. The first lens is configured to make a light beam passing through the first aperture plane and the second aperture plane be incident on the imaging plane.

Acoustic optical integrity detection system architectures and methods can be used to detect optical integrity of an optical component by detecting a discontinuity on and/or in the optical component (e.g., on the optical surface and/or within the bulk of the optical component). In some examples, integrity detection can be used to ensure safety compliance of an optical system, optionally including a laser. Acoustic integrity detection can utilize transducers (e.g., piezoelectric transducers) to transmit ultrasonic waves along an optical surface and/or through the thickness of an optical component. A discontinuity of the optical surface can interact with the transmitted wave causing attenuation, redirection and/or reflection of at least a portion of the transmitted wave. Portions of the transmitted wave energy after interaction with the discontinuity can be measured to determine discontinuity location, type, and/or severity.

An endpoint detection system for enhanced spectral data collection is provided. An optical bundle is coupled to a light source configured to generate incident light. The optical bundle includes two or more sets of optical fibers that each include an emitting optical fiber and a receiving optical fiber. The receiving optical fibers are disposed within the optical bundle at a pairing angle relative to a respective emitting optical fiber. The optical bundle is also coupled to a collimator assembly that includes an achromatic lens. The achromatic lens receives a first light beam of incident light from a first emitting optical fiber and directs spectral components of the first light beam to a first and second portion of a surface of a substrate. The first portion of the substrate surface is substantially the same as the second portion. The achromatic lens collects reflected spectral components that are produced by the spectral components directed to the first and second portions of the substrate surface. The achromatic lens transmits the reflected spectral components to a first receiving fiber of the optical fiber bundle, which transmits the reflected spectral components to a light detection component. A processing device coupled to the light detection component determines a reflectance of the substrate surface based on the reflected spectral components.

A method of determining outdoor characteristics of a photochromic optical article includes: determining environmental conditions for an area; positioning the optical article to face a first direction; determining a first incident irradiance on the optical article; determining a first surface temperature and first spectrum of the optical article; rotating the optical article to face a second direction; determining a second surface temperature and Full Characterization of Lens second spectrum of the optical article; determining a second incident irradiance on the optical article; and generating a prediction model of spectral transmission of the optical article. Further using environmental and climate conditions and to select a photochromic article most appropriate for an area.

The present disclosure relates to methods and devices for data or graphics processing including an apparatus, e.g., a GPU. The apparatus may determine a plurality of viewing positions and a plurality of viewing directions for one or more lenses. The apparatus may also measure an amount of distortion of the one or more lenses for each of the plurality of viewing positions and each of the plurality of viewing directions. Also, the apparatus may adjust pre-distortion data for each of the plurality of viewing positions and each of the plurality of viewing directions. The apparatus may also determine a pre-distortion estimation for each of the plurality of viewing positions and each of the plurality of viewing directions. The apparatus may also generate lens calibration data for all of the plurality of viewing positions and all of the plurality of viewing directions based on the pre-distortion estimation.

To determine an imaging quality of an optical system when illuminated by illumination light within a pupil to be measured of the optical system and/or to qualify the phase effect of a test structure, a test structure that is periodic in at least one dimension is initially arranged in an object plane of the optical system. An initial illumination angle distribution for illuminating the test structure with an initial pupil region, whose area is less than 10% of a total pupil area, is specified and the test structure is illuminated thereby in different distance positions relative to the object plane. In this way, an initial measured aerial image of the test structure is determined. Specifying the illumination distribution, illuminating and determining the aerial image are then repeated for a further illumination angle distribution and an imaging contribution of the optical system is determined from a comparison of the measured aerial images, the imaging quality parameter to be determined and/or a complex-valued diffraction spectrum of the test structure being determined from said imaging contribution. A metrology system for carrying out the method comprises a holder for the test structure, an illumination optical unit, a specification device for specifying the illumination angle distributions, the optical system to be examined in respect of its imaging quality, and a spatially resolving detection device for determining aerial images. This yields an improved imaging quality determination method.