There is described a fiber-optic sensor for measuring a light signal from a fluorescible sample comprising heavy metal ions, for example. The fiber-optic sensor comprises an optical fiber having a side surface by which the light signal from the fluorescible sample is inputted. The optical fiber is corrugated to form at least two gratings on the side surface of the optical fiber. Each grating comprises periodically longitudinally spaced-apart valleys on the surface of the optical fiber, and is longitudinally spaced apart from any other grating of the at least two gratings.

A method for recovering metal values from a molten slag composition includes atomizing the slag with an oxygen-containing gas in a gas atomization apparatus, to produce solid slag granules. Oxygen in the atomizing gas converts metals to magnetic metal compounds, thereby magnetizing the metal-containing slag granules. These metal-containing slag granules are then magnetically separated. Larger amounts of metals may be removed by passing the molten slag through a pre-settling pan with an adjustable base, and/or discontinuing atomization where the metal content of the slag exceeds a predetermined amount. Solid slag granules produced by atomization may be charged to a recovery unit for recovery of one or more metal by-products. An apparatus for recovering metal values from molten slag includes a gas atomization apparatus, a flow control device for controlling the flow of atomizing gas, a control system, and one or more sensors to detect metal values in the slag.

The present invention provides fluorogenic compounds for the detection of target metal ions wherein the compounds exhibit a Stokes shift greater than 50 nm and the detectable signal is modulated by photoinduced electron transfer (PET). The present compounds consist of three functional elements, the ion sensing moiety (chelating moiety), the reporter moiety (fluorophore or fluorescent protein) and spacer or linker between the sensing and reporter moieties of the present compound that allows for PET upon binding of a metal ion and excitation by an appropriate wavelength.

Uranium-chelating polypeptides comprising at least one helix-loop-helix calcium-binding (EF-hand) motif which comprises a deletion of at least two amino acid in the 12-amino-acid calcium-binding loop sequence, and their use for uranium biodetection and biodecontamination.

An exemplary embodiment provides a method of determining formation energy of a multi-element crystal, including: generating information related to a candidate structure of the multi-element crystal and information related to a metal pair included in the multi-element crystal, based on information related to a composition of the multi-element crystal; and determining the formation energy based on the information related to the candidate structure and the information related to the metal pair.

An exemplary embodiment provides a method of determining formation energy of a multi-element crystal, including: generating information related to a candidate structure of the multi-element crystal and information related to a metal pair included in the multi-element crystal, based on information related to a composition of the multi-element crystal; and determining the formation energy based on the information related to the candidate structure and the information related to the metal pair.

A sampler for taking samples from a molten metal bath includes a carrier tube having an immersion end; sample chamber assembly comprising a cover plate and a housing, wherein the housing comprises an immersion end having an opening; an inflow conduit having a first end for receiving molten metal and a second end, opposite the first end, wherein the second end is in communication with the opening, and the opening is configured to receive the molten metal from the inflow conduit; a measuring head, wherein the sample chamber and the second end of the inflow conduit are at least partly arranged in the measuring head; and a metal bushing, wherein the metal bushing coupling the inflow conduit to the sample chamber.

The present invention relates to a method for analyzing the color of a color alloy and, more particularly, to a method for analyzing the color of a color alloy wherein, on the basis of the fact that a different color appears according to the composition of an alloy, the wavelength-wise reflectance related to a color, which is held according to each alloy composition, and that related to a color, which is held by a measurement object that is to be measured, are compared, thereby determining the color held by the measurement object.

Areas having different isotopic ratios are artificially introduced into a metal material before sintering, a heat treatment, or Grain boundary diffusion, and atom probe analysis results before and after sintering, a heat treatment, or grain boundary diffusion are compared to evaluate a change in isotopic distribution over time.

The invention relates to a design method of high-temperature nickel-based bolts based on damage tolerance theory, comprising the following steps: S.sub.1: acquiring operating parameters for the design; S.sub.2: selecting a material for bolts; S.sub.3: acquiring mechanical properties of the materials; S.sub.4: determining a pretension stress σ.sub.p of a single bolt; S.sub.5: determining the service stress σ.sub.s under the steady state; S.sub.6: determining the number n, the effective cross-section area A and the distribution of bolts; S.sub.7: determining a maximum allowable crack dimension; S.sub.8: calculating the maximum allowable service stress σ.sub.th using the crack propagation threshold K.sub.th at the design temperature; S.sub.9: comparing the service stress σ.sub.s and the maximum allowable service stress σ.sub.th, if σ.sub.s is smaller than σ.sub.th, then the bolts are safe in the design life; otherwise, return to step S.sub.4 and reduce the pretension stress σ.sub.p.