A voltage sensor system for sensing voltage in a conductor, the voltage sensor system including a first plate, a first electrode disposed a first distance away from the first plate, a second plate, a second electrode disposed a second distance away from the second plate, a control unit structured to control one of the first plate and the second plate to be grounded and the other of the first plate and the second plate to be electrically floating, and a differential amplifier electrically connected to the first electrode and the second electrode and being structured to output an output voltage that is proportional to a difference in voltage between the first electrode and the second electrode.

The present disclosure provides an ultrasonic drive and driving method configured for driving an ultrasonic tool. The ultrasonic drive includes a switch module, a sensing element and a control element. The sensing element senses the voltage and current of the ultrasonic tool and generates a sensing signal accordingly. The control element receives the sensing signal and outputs a control signal. The switch module outputs an ultrasonic signal according to the control signal for controlling the vibration of the ultrasonic tool. When the ultrasonic drive operates a frequency sweep function, the control element determines an operating interval and an operating frequency of the ultrasonic signal. When the ultrasonic drive operates a frequency following function, the control element adjusts the operating frequency according to the sensing signal for keeping the impedance of the ultrasonic tool consistent.

Disclosed is a method for controlling the voltage of an electrical apparatus of a motor vehicle. The method includes the steps of measuring (E2) the voltage at the terminals of the apparatus and measuring (E3) the strength of the output current of the apparatus, calculating (E4) the values of resistance, inductance and capacitance of the equivalent circuit on the basis of the measured current strength and the measured voltage, comparing (E7, E8, E9) the calculated values of resistance, inductance and capacitance with the values of resistance, inductance and capacitance, respectively, stored in a storage area of the electronic control unit, and initiating (E12) an action if the difference between at least one of the calculated values and the corresponding stored value is above a predetermined threshold.

A method for operationally controlling a motor-driven device for driving a home automated closure or sun-shading apparatus includes at least the following steps: —measuring (E21), via a measuring device, a first value of the strength of an electrical current passing through an electric motor; —determining (E24) a difference in strength relative to the first measured strength value after a period of time starting from the moment that the first strength value is measured has elapsed; —selecting (E25) one of the first threshold strength values on the basis of the elapsed time period; —comparing (E26) the difference in strength determined relative to the selected threshold strength value; and—determining (E27) the presence or absence of an obstacle or end of travel on the basis of the result of the comparison step (E26).

A rotor ice protection system (RIPS) apparatus for an aircraft to heat aircraft rotor blades is provided. The RIPS apparatus includes circuitry disposed to transmit electrical loads associated with RIPS operations, an indicator unit disposed to alert a pilot of the aircraft to a RIPS condition indicating an operating status of the RIPS operations, a controller configured to actuate the RIPS operations in accordance with current conditions and to issue a command to the indicator unit to alert the pilot to the RIPS operations according to the actuation and a sensor system disposed to sense whether the circuitry is transmitting the electrical loads and to provide a sensing result to the indicator unit. The indicator unit additionally alerts the pilot to the RIPS operations according to the sensing result.

What is provided is a damping arrangement for power electronics applications having a circuit board, and a current sensor electrically connected to the circuit board, which current sensor is held in a current sensor housing, and an electrical contact pin passing through the circuit board and surrounded by the current sensor housing, wherein a damping element is arranged between the current sensor housing and the electrical contact pin.

Methods and systems for controlling current consumption by an electrical load of a first circuit board are described. In an example, a device of a first circuit board can measure a current being drawn by the electrical load of the first circuit board from a second circuit board. The device can generate a control signal based on a current difference between the measured current and a target current. The control signal can represent a load control parameter. The device can apply the control signal to the electrical load of the first circuit board to adjust a current consumption by the electrical load.

Disclosed is a diagnostic apparatus structured to be electrically connected with a coil stack of a drive mechanism of a control device of a nuclear reactor. The coil stack has a plurality of coils. The diagnostic apparatus includes a power supply and a controller including a processor and a memory that stores a number of routines including a number of instructions. When executed on the processor the instructions cause the diagnostic apparatus to apply to a coil a voltage that varies as a function of time, detect a current in the coil as a function of time, identify in the current a first inflection point and a second inflection point, and determine, based upon an electronic evaluation that includes the first inflection point and the second inflection point, that the coil is one of functioning properly and in a state of at least partial failure.

A voltage state detector includes an input terminal, a voltage drop circuit, a pull-down circuit, a load circuit, a transistor, a pull-up circuit, a first output terminal, and a second output terminal. The voltage drop circuit is coupled to the input terminal. The pull-down circuit is coupled to the voltage drop circuit and a first reference terminal. The load circuit is coupled to a second reference terminal. The transistor has a first terminal coupled to the load circuit, a second terminal coupled to the first reference terminal, and a control terminal coupled to the voltage drop circuit. The pull-up circuit is coupled to the second reference terminal and the voltage drop circuit. The first output terminal is coupled to the first terminal of the transistor for outputting a first state determination signal. The second output terminal is coupled to the voltage drop circuit for outputting a second state determination signal.

The invention relates to a signal-processing circuit (1), comprising at least one signal path (2) between an input (3) and an output (4) of the signal-processing circuit (1), wherein: the signal path (2) has a first passive integrating element (5) and an active integrator (6); the active integrator (6) is designed as a non-inverting active integrator (6); the first passive integrating element (5) and the active integrator (6) are connected in series within the signal path (2). According to the invention, the signal path (2) additionally has a second passive integrating element (7) and a differentiating element (20).