A circuit for receiving signals from a photodetector array arranged to detect signals generated by a crystal includes a plurality of summing circuits having weighting circuits, the summing circuits being configured to produce outputs corresponding to a total energy of the signals, a position of the signals in a first dimension of the photodetector array, a position of the signals in a second dimension of the photodetector array, and a radius of a charge distribution of the signals.

A segmented detector device with backside illumination. The detector is able to collect and differentiate between secondary electrons and backscatter electrons. The detector includes a through-hole for passage of a primary electron beam. After hitting a sample, the reflected secondary and backscatter electrons are collected via a vertical structure having a P+/P−/N+ or an N+/N−/P+ composition for full depletion through the thickness of the device. The active area of the device is segmented using field isolation insulators located on the front side of the device.

An X-ray detector integral with an automatic exposure control (AEC) device can include an X-ray detection part configured to detect X-rays irradiated from an X-ray source and generate X-ray image data; and an automatic exposure detection board located below the X-ray detection part and configured to generate an X-ray sensing signal for automatic exposure control based on residual X-rays which have passed by or through the X-ray detection part.

An apparatus suitable for detecting X-ray is disclosed. In one example, the apparatus comprises an X-ray absorption layer and a controller. The X-ray absorption layer comprises a first pixel and a second pixel. The controller is configured for determining whether all carriers generated in the X-ray absorption layer by an X-ray photon are collected by the first pixel and the second pixel, and determining the energy of the X-ray photon based on a sum of a first portion of the carriers that is collected by the first pixel and a second portion of the carriers that is collected by the second pixel.

A radiation image capturing apparatus includes a sensor substrate including a flexible base material and plural pixels that accumulate charges generated in accordance with radiation, a flexible first cable including one ends electrically connected to a connection region disposed at a predetermined side of the sensor substrate, a first circuit substrate electrically connected to the other end of the first cable and in which a first component used for processing a digital signal in a circuit unit driven in a case of reading out the charges in the plural pixels is mounted, a flexible second cable including one end electrically connected to a connection region disposed at a side different from the predetermined side, and a second circuit substrate electrically connected to the other end of the second cable and in which a second component used for processing an analog signal in the circuit unit is mounted.

A method and system for using in a Positron Emission Tomography (PET) system. The PET system comprises at least one processor and a storage. The PET system comprises an acquisition module and a processing module. The acquisition module is configured to acquire a PET data set corresponding to a target object. The acquisition module comprises a first light sensor array, a second light sensor array, and a scintillator array. The processing module is configured to determine a three-dimensional position of an incidence photon based on the PET data set. The first number of light sensors in the first light sensor array and the second number of light sensors of the second light sensor array is less than the number of scintillator of the scintillator array.

In the scatter estimation method of the present invention, Step S1 (first TOF projection data generation) and Step S4 (non-TOF scatter estimation algorithm) are performed, and Step S2 (second TOF projection data generation) and Step S3 (calculation of TOF direction distribution ratio) are performed, and Step S5 (calculation of TOF scatter projection data) is performed. A distribution ratio is obtained from the second TOF projection data measured in a scattered radiation energy window (low energy window). Since the target of distribution is non-TOF scatter projection data in a reconstruction data energy window (standard energy window), post-distribution TOF scatter projection data is obtained as approximate TOF scatter projection data in the reconstruction data energy window (standard energy window), and scatter estimation can be accurately performed.

The present invention provides a rare-earth halide scintillating material and application thereof. The rare-earth halide scintillating material has a chemical formula of RE.sub.aCe.sub.bX.sub.3, wherein RE is a rare-earth element La, Gd, Lu or Y, X is one or two of halogens Cl, Br and I, 0≤a≤1.1, 0.01≤b≤1.1, and 1.0001≤a+b≤1.2. By taking a +2 valent rare-earth halide having the same composition as a dopant to replace a heterogeneous alkaline earth metal halide in the prior art for doping, the rare-earth halide scintillating material is relatively short of a halogen ion. The apparent valence state of a rare-earth ion is between +2 and +3. The rare-earth halide scintillating material belongs to non-stoichiometric compounds, but still retains a crystal structure of an original stoichiometric compound, and has more excellent energy resolution and energy response linearity than the stoichiometric compound.

The invention relates to a solution for determining events related to photons and charged particles useful in therapies that use methodologies related to hadron therapy. In one aspect of the invention, it relates to a device having a sandwich-type structure of photon-detecting panels (1) and charged particle-detecting panels (2), which can be suitably associated with respective sensors. Also included is a method for detecting photons and charged particles that uses the aforementioned device. Lastly, a specific use of the object of the invention in hadron therapy is described.

Described here are systems and methods for optimization techniques for automatically selecting x-ray beam spectra, energy threshold, energy bin settings, and other imaging technique parameters for photon-counting detector computed tomography (“PCCT”). The techniques described here are generally based on subject or object size, material of interest, and location of the target material. Advantageously, the optimizations can be integrated with different PCCT systems to automatically select optimal imaging technique parameters before scanning a particular subject or object.