A retro-reflective marker comprising a bare retro-reflective layer; a protective layer with a near-infrared (NIR) wavelength specific anti-reflective coating; and a border with an NIR absorbent coating.

A method of using an absorber of electromagnetic radiation, includes absorbing electromagnetic radiation with the absorber finely distributed or dissolved in a carrier material. The absorber is a crystal water-free iron(II) orthophosphate of the general formula Fe.sub.3(PO.sub.4).sub.2 or crystal water-free iron(II) metal orthophosphate, iron(II) metal phosphonate, iron(II) metal pyrophosphate or iron(II) metal metaphosphate of the general formula Fe.sub.aMet.sub.b(PO.sub.c).sub.d, where a is a number from 1 to 5, b is a number from >0 to 5, c is a number from 2.5 to 5, d is a number from 0.5 to 3 and Met represents one or more metals selected from the group consisting of Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, the transition metals (d block), the metals and semimetals of the third, fourth and fifth main groups, and the lanthanoids or combinations of the above mentioned phosphates as absorbers of electromagnetic radiation.

The present disclosure provides an electronic device including a first substrate, a second substrate, a light blocking element, and a transmittance controlling element. The second substrate is opposite to the first substrate. The light blocking element is disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, and the light blocking element has a light transmitting opening. The light transmitting opening has at least four sides, and adjacent two sides form a round corner. The light transmitting opening overlaps the transmittance controlling element in a normal direction of the first substrate.

An optical unit includes a transparent first substrate, a transparent second substrate, a transparent first projection forming a part of an optical path, and a first aperture configured by black resin filled in a periphery of the first projection between the first substrate and the second substrate.

An optical apparatus flexible stop has a flexible surface element, which is flat/planar in a first state and rolled or wound into a hollow roll in a second state. Two tensioning cords guide around the hollow roll to hold the hollow roll shape. An optical apparatus is provided with a tubular body containing an optical unit and having a first open tube end, an attachment device having a device housing, wherein an optical through passage of the device housing is arranged in front of the open tube end, and the flexible stop. The flexible stop is rolled or wound around the open tube end of the tubular body and the optical through passage of the device housing, held in the shape of a tube with the tensioning cords, thus forming an optical tunnel between the open tube end and the optical through passage.

A head-up display has a display element, a projection system, a diffusing plate, and a mirror element. In such head-up displays, frequently irritations due to stray light occur. A head-up display that produces less irritation from incident stray light is therefore desirable. The diffusing plate has focusing elements on its side facing the projection system and a light-blocking mask on its side facing away from the projection system.

An imaging lens module includes at least one plastic lens element having an optical axis, an object side and an image side. The plastic lens element includes, in order from a center to a peripheral region thereof, an optical effective portion and an outer peripheral portion. The outer peripheral portion surrounds the optical effective portion, wherein the outer peripheral portion includes, on at least one of the object side and the image side, a plurality of groove structures and a contacting surface. The contacting surface is an annular plane and perpendicular to the optical axis. The groove structures and the contacting surface are located on the same side. There is an air gap between the groove structures and at least one optical element adjacent thereto. The groove structures and the contacting surface located on the same side are not overlapped along a direction parallel to the optical axis.

A device for use with a vehicle-mounted image acquisition unit includes a main body. The main body includes a first end and a second end opposite to the first end. The main body further defines an interior cavity extending between the first end and the second end, and a plurality of apertures therethrough between the first end and the second end. The first end of the main body is configured to be disposed at or near the vehicle-mounted image acquisition unit. The vehicle-mounted image acquisition unit has a field of view extending through the interior cavity and through the second end to an outside environment surrounding a vehicle.

An optical filter including a plurality of color areas and a surrounding area includes a substrate, a first optical layer on the substrate and including a first to third color filter respectively in a first to third color area, a second optical layer including a first color conversion portion, a second color conversion portion and a light transmission portion respectively overlapping the first color filter, the second color filter and the third color filter, and a light blocking layer, where the light blocking layer includes a body portion in the surrounding area including a light blocking material, and the body portion surrounds both a first and a second opening. The first and second color area are adjacent to each other and an area between the first and the second color area correspond to the first opening, and the third color area corresponds to the second opening.

An optical system (300) includes an optical modulation element (103) to reflect an incident light (250) in a different direction, and an illumination optical system (301) through which light emitted from a light source (101) is emitted toward the optical modulation element (103). The illumination optical system (301) includes a lens array (14A, 14B), a lens (15) disposed in an order listed from an upstream side of an optical path, and a shielding part (50) disposed upstream from the lens (15) on the optical path. The shielding part (50) shields light incident on an effective diameter of the lens (15). In a direction perpendicular to an optical axis of the light emitted from the light source (101), the optical axis (101A) is shifted from a center position (15M) of the effective diameter of the lens (15) in an opposite direction with reference to the shielding part (50).