A system and means of implementing and providing a virtual perimeter enabled with interactive countermeasures to mitigate accessibility of an area or object and includes at least one sensor that establishes an electronic virtual border from at least one point to define a space, digital detection electronics for detecting the presence of an individual, animal or object encroaching the virtual border and at least one countermeasure that impedes or thwarts the movement or actions of the detected individual, animal or object. The system provides for the data collection, authorization, and deploying of countermeasures and the reporting and storage of state for an electronic virtual or electronic safe that is created as a protected space within the digital domain and can be represented within any physical or virtual location wherein the virtual safe is digitally enabled to detect the presence of a human through impedance, optical, mechanical, chemical, electronical or acoustic measurements, enables a deterrent when the presence of a person is detected, disables the deterrent if it determines the person is white listed based on facial recognition, gate analysis or voice recognition technology, escalates the deterrent if the person is not authorized as they encroach the space to impede or thwart the threat and enables a shock wave or pulse when a protected item is approached or touched. The system is a contextually aware system that based on environment or location can change its performance, countermeasures and, or intensity of countermeasures and has multiple modalities in which countermeasures are activated.

Provided is an oscillator including: a resonator; a first circuit device electrically coupled to the resonator; and a second circuit device. The first circuit device generates a first clock signal by causing the resonator to oscillate, and performs first temperature compensation processing for temperature compensating a frequency of the first clock signal. The second circuit device receives the first clock signal from the first circuit device, generates a second clock signal based on the first clock signal, and performs second temperature compensation processing for temperature compensating a frequency of the second clock signal.

An audio/video (A/V) recording and communication device includes a camera, a passive infrared (PIR) sensor, and a light sensor. A method receives a PIR sensor output signal from the PIR sensor, receives image data from the camera, and receives a light sensor output signal from the light sensor. The method determines, using the light sensor output signal and at least one of the PIR sensor output signal and the image data whether to activate recording of the image data, and upon determining to activate recording of the image data, generates an alert. The method transmits the alert to a client device associated with the A/V recording and communication device.

Disclosed are systems comprising: a transmitter background; a receiver background; a plurality of transmitter units affixed on the transmitter background, each transmitting an encoded electromagnetic wave (EM), wherein the electromagnetic wave is transmitted as a wide beam; and a plurality of receiver units affixed on the receiver background, wherein each of the plurality of the transmitter units is in electromagnetic communication with at least one of the receiver units. Also disclosed are methods of identifying the presence of an object intersecting a spatial surface, the methods comprising: transmitting a plurality of coded wide beams, optionally non-simultaneously, using a plurality of transmitter units, each wide beam transmitted by a transmitter unit; receiving the plurality of the coded wide beams by a plurality of receiver units, each receiver unit receiving two or more of the plurality of the coded wide beams; determining if at least one receiver unit did not receive at least one coded wide beam; and sending a code identifying that an object is intersecting a spatial surface. Further, a housing for the system is disclosed.

Occupancy detection is an increasingly important part of building control logic, as new systems and control logic greatly benefit from human-in-the-loop sensing. Current approaches such as CO.sub.2 monitoring, acoustic detection, and PIR based motion detection are limited in scope, as these variables are a proxy for occupancy, and at best can be roughly correlated to occupancy, and cannot reliably provide a count of the number of occupants. The disclosed sensor uses thermal information that is continually being emitted by human occupants and optical processing to count and spatially resolve the location of occupants in a room, allowing ventilation flow rates to be properly controlled and directed, if enabled. Occupant detection and counting cheaply and reliably without moving parts is the holy grail of building controls at the moment, which are the basic design principles behind the disclosed inexpensive, static, and stable thermographic occupancy detection sensor.

Described herein are methods and systems of distributed acoustic sensing, such as in an urban or metropolitan area involving a dedicated and established fibre optic communications network including a data centre. In general, the disclosed method and system includes the steps of (a) selecting an optical fibre cable installation having a path extending across a selected geographical area, the optical fibre cable installation including a bundle of optical fibres and forming part of a fibre-optic communications network, (b) determining characteristics associated with the optical fibre and/or the selected optical fibre installation, (c) transmitting outgoing light in the optical fibre, (d) receiving reflected light back scattered along the optical fibre, and (e) based on the reflected light and the determined characteristics, generating an alert signal representative of an acoustic event. The disclosed method and system are thereby configured to detect acoustic events near or within the selected geographical area.

A virtual security network system can be used to prevent, deter or cease intrusion of an unauthorized person, animal or object into a secured area. The virtual security network system can include sensor units, a drone and a wide area network. Sensor units can be placed throughout a secured area and include a multitude of sensors with different capabilities that can detect a breach of the secured area. The drone can be mobilized upon receipt of a signal from a sensor unit when the secured area is breached to track an intruder. The drone can be equipped with pulsing lasers or a strobe light. The virtual security network system can also include a satellite, unmanned aerial vehicle, a launching and charging station for drone release and/or a drone fleet.

A security system includes a physical sensor for determining presence of a first number of users within a detecting region, short-range readers for determining presence of a second number of authorized smart devices in response to ephemeral tokens, wherein the users may remain anonymous to the short-range readers, authentication servers for determining ephemeral tokens for smart devices in response to identifiers of the readers and the smart devices, a physical output device configured to provide a user detectable output, and a processor for determining whether the first number of users is different from the second number and for directing the physical output device to provide the user detectable output.

A surveillance device includes: an electrical power supply system configured to be connected directly to an electrical mains system, a communication system configured to communicate with an operating center and/or with user devices, occupancy sensors configured to detect an intrusion in a surveillance area where the surveillance system is installed, cameras configured to record images in the surveillance area, an alarm configured to generate an acoustic and/or luminous alarm; and a control unit connected to the electrical power supply system, communication system, occupancy sensors, cameras and alarm.

A passive infrared motion detector discriminates between the motion of humans and pets in a premises. The motion detector includes an infrared sensor and a mirror for focusing infrared radiation from distinct fields of view. In one embodiment, a mask prevents infrared radiation from reaching the infrared sensor, and cut away regions on the surface of the mask allow selective passage of infrared radiation to the infrared sensor. In an alternative embodiment, the cylindrical mirror elements includes reflective and unreflective regions, which allow selective passage of infrared radiation to the infrared sensor. The cut away regions and the reflective regions are elongated to correspond to the shape of standing humans. As a result, the infrared radiation from animals only partially reaches the infrared sensor.