An airflow measurement device that is configured to measure airflow in an air handling system. The airflow measurement device can include a flow conditioning plate formed with a plurality of plate apertures or holes. A flow sensor is associated with each aperture. The flow sensors can be any type(s) of flow sensors that are suitable for sensing or characterizing one or more aspects of air flowing into and through the apertures, such as pitot sensors, vane anemometers, hot wire anemometers, or the like. The flow sensors can be used to quantify the volumetric airflow rate of the airflow, the speed of the airflow, or any other variable of the airflow from which one can formulate a judgment about the operating efficiency of the air handling equipment.

This method for measuring a flow rate of liquid at the outlet of a pump is noteworthy in that a gas accumulator of known volume is provided at the outlet of this pump, in that the gas or liquid pressure inside this accumulator is measured, in that the volume of gas inside this accumulator is deduced therefrom, then the volume of the liquid inside this accumulator, then the flow rate of this liquid at the outlet of this accumulator.

This method for measuring a flow rate of liquid at the outlet of a pump is noteworthy in that a gas accumulator of known volume is provided at the outlet of this pump, in that the gas or liquid pressure inside this accumulator is measured, in that the volume of gas inside this accumulator is deduced therefrom, then the volume of the liquid inside this accumulator, then the flow rate of this liquid at the outlet of this accumulator.

A field device (10) includes a sensor (11) that measures a physical quantity and outputs a measurement signal indicating a measured value, converters (12, 15, 16) that perform a predetermined conversion process on the measurement signal, and a processor (17) that outputs an output signal corresponding to the measurement signal subjected to the conversion process. The processor (17) starts verifying operational soundness of the converters (12, 15, 16) when the measurement signal subjected to the conversion process satisfies a predetermined condition, and outputs, while the operational soundness of the converters (12, 15, 16) is being verified, a signal corresponding to the measurement signal subjected to the conversion process and acquired immediately before the operational soundness of the converters (12, 15, 16) is verified, or a signal corresponding to the measurement signal indicating a predetermined measured value of the sensor (11), as the output signal.

Upstream process equipment transmits a predetermined fluid to downstream process equipment. A valve fluidly couples the upstream process equipment to the downstream process equipment. A first pressure sensor and a first temperature sensor are coupled to the upstream process equipment and upstream from the valve. A second pressure sensor and a second temperature sensor are coupled to the downstream process equipment and downstream from the valve. A control system is coupled to the first pressure sensor, the first temperature sensor, the second pressure sensor, and the second temperature sensor. The control system determines a first fluid flowrate of the predetermined fluid using a fluid flow model based on pressure data from the first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor, temperature data from the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor, a size of the valve, at least one fluid parameter regarding the predetermined fluid, and a valve flow coefficient of the valve.

Upstream process equipment transmits a predetermined fluid to downstream process equipment. A valve fluidly couples the upstream process equipment to the downstream process equipment. A first pressure sensor and a first temperature sensor are coupled to the upstream process equipment and upstream from the valve. A second pressure sensor and a second temperature sensor are coupled to the downstream process equipment and downstream from the valve. A control system is coupled to the first pressure sensor, the first temperature sensor, the second pressure sensor, and the second temperature sensor. The control system determines a first fluid flowrate of the predetermined fluid using a fluid flow model based on pressure data from the first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor, temperature data from the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor, a size of the valve, at least one fluid parameter regarding the predetermined fluid, and a valve flow coefficient of the valve.

An apparatus for measuring a parameter of a fluid flow passing within a pipe is provided. The apparatus includes a sensing device and a processing unit. The sensing device has a sensor array that includes at least one first macro fiber composite (MFC) strain sensor disposed at a first axial position, and at least one second MFC strain sensor disposed at a second axial position. The first axial position and the second axial position are spaced apart from one another. The at least one first MFC strain sensor and the at least one second MFC strain sensor are both configured to produce signals representative of pressure variations of the fluid flow passing within the pipe. The processing unit is configured to receive the signals from the sensor array and measure one or more fluid flow parameters based on the signals.

An apparatus for measuring a parameter of a fluid flow passing within a pipe is provided. The apparatus includes a sensing device and a processing unit. The sensing device has a sensor array that includes at least one first macro fiber composite (MFC) strain sensor disposed at a first axial position, and at least one second MFC strain sensor disposed at a second axial position. The first axial position and the second axial position are spaced apart from one another. The at least one first MFC strain sensor and the at least one second MFC strain sensor are both configured to produce signals representative of pressure variations of the fluid flow passing within the pipe. The processing unit is configured to receive the signals from the sensor array and measure one or more fluid flow parameters based on the signals.

An electrically-powered inhalation device for delivery of an aerosol to the oropharynx of a user comprises respective proximal and distal portions, the proximal portion including an inlet for a liquid, the distal portion including an aerosol outlet defining a mist-exiting location and a piezo assembly including an ultrasonically vibrable mesh membrane, for producing, upon electrical activation, a mist comprising droplets of the liquid, the mesh membrane defining a mist-generating location; and an intermediate portion disposed distally from the proximal portion and proximally from the distal portion, wherein the distal portion is dimensioned to vertically span the user's oral cavity from tongue to hard-palate when the user's lips and/or teeth are transversely engaged with the intermediate portion, so as to place the mist-exiting location in fluid communication with the user's oropharynx.

Various embodiments provide a leaching solution monitoring module comprising a first leaching solution distribution system interface, a flow meter in fluid communication with the first leaching solution distribution system interface, the flow meter in fluid communication a 3-way pressure regulator, and a second leaching solution distribution system interface in fluid communication with the 3-way pressure regulator.