A device (20) for detecting a temperature on a surface (15) of an optical element (14) for semiconductor lithography. The device includes an optical element (14) having a face (16) irradiated with electromagnetic radiation (7, 8, 43), a temperature recording device (21), and a temperature controlled element (22) configured to be temperature-controlled and arranged so that the predominant proportion of the intensity of the thermal radiation (25.2) detected by the temperature recording device and reflected by reflection at the surface of the optical element is emitted by the temperature-controlled element.

Also disclosed are an installation (1) for producing a surface (15) of an optical element (14) for semiconductor lithography and a method for producing a surface (15) of an optical element (14) of a projection exposure apparatus (30), wherein the surface is temperature-controlled and the surface temperature is detected during the temperature control.

A system and method for monitoring a device includes a temperature sensor, a processing unit, and an output unit. The temperature sensor acquires a temperature measurement during a heat-up phase of a component and provides a temperature measurement to the processing unit, which selects a simulated transient temperature distribution of the simulated component of the simulated device from a plurality of simulated transient temperature distributions of the simulated component of the simulated device. The selection comprises a comparison of the at least one temperature measurement with the plurality of simulated transient temperature distributions at an equivalent time point in the simulated heat-up to a time point at which the temperature measurement was acquired. When a hot spot is developing an output unit outputs an indication of a fault associated with the component.

A cigarette temperature detection device including multiple cylindrical convex lenses is provided, wherein each of the cylindrical convex lenses has a thicker central wall between two thinner end walls formed by rotating a parallel line at a predetermined distance around a long axis of an elliptical-like section resulting from cutting the circular convex lens by a plane perpendicular to a centerline. The disclosed cigarette temperature detection device allows accurate and reliable detection of a temperature of an entire circumferential surface of a cigarette on site.

An occupancy sensor device may comprise a lens having a rated focal length, the lens to refract infrared radiation to converge at a point at the rated focal length; a passive infrared (PIR) sensor comprising detecting elements; and a body coupled with the lens and the PIR sensor to fix a distance between the lens and the PIR sensor, wherein the distance is less than a rated focal length of the lens and between the rated focal length of the lens and the lens, and the detecting elements of the PIR sensor are positioned to capture infrared radiation refracted by the lens. Some embodiments comprise a PIR sensor comprising an exposure area to capture infrared radiation incident to the exposure area; the PIR sensor comprising a first circuit board and a second circuit board coupled with the PIR sensor, the second circuit board perpendicular to the first circuit board.

An artifact caused by secondary reflection is reduced. An imaging device according to an embodiment includes: a diffuser (110) that converts incident light into scattered light whose diameter is expanded in accordance with a propagation distance and outputs the scattered light; and a light receiver (132) that converts light diffused by the diffuser into an electric signal.

The disclosure includes a temperature measuring device and a temperature measuring method for measuring the temperature of molten metals. The temperature measuring device includes a temperature sensing element, a support tube, a connecting tube and an exhaust structure. The temperature sensing element is a cermet tube with a closed end and an open end, and can sense the temperature of a molten metal and emit stable thermal radiation energy based on the blackbody cavity principle when being extended into the molten metal. The open end of the cermet tube is fixedly connected to one end of the support tube, the cermet tube is communicated with the support tube, and the other end of the support tube is fixedly connected with the connecting tube. The exhaust structure is used to discharge the smoke inside the cermet tube and the support tube.

A cutting system includes knives attached to a continuously moving belt-type carrier. The carrier motion moves the knives past stationary counterknife fingers which are attached to or uniform with a cutterbar, as the cutting system is driven through a field of crop stalks, which are cut by the interaction between the knives and counterknives. One or more sensing devices produce signals or images related to the condition of the knives when the knives are moving past the sensing devices. A processing unit processes the signals or images and derives therefrom one or more parameters representative of the condition of the knives, and compares the parameters to a reference, to thereby monitor the condition. An agricultural implement such as a combine harvester, can be equipped with the cutting system.

Disclosed herein are thermoreflectance enhancement coatings and methods of making and use thereof.

The present disclosure relates to a vehicle. The vehicle includes a first set of cameras, including a first subset of cameras facing to the front of the vehicle; a second set of cameras, with focal lengths less than those of the first set of cameras, the second set of cameras including a second and a third subset of cameras, the second subset of cameras facing to the front of the vehicle, and third subset of cameras facing to a side front and/or a side of the vehicle; and a third set of cameras, with focal lengths less than those of the second set of cameras, the third set of cameras including a fourth and a fifth subset of camera, the fourth subset of cameras facing to the front of the vehicle, and the fifth subset of camera facing to the side front and/or side of the vehicle.

Current signals indicative of sensed physical quantities are collected from sensing transistors in an array of sensing transistors. The sensing transistors have respective control nodes and current channel paths therethrough between respective first nodes and a second node common to the sensing transistors. A bias voltage level is applied to the respective first nodes of the sensing transistors in the array and one sensing transistor in the array of sensing transistors is selected. The selected sensing transistor is decoupled from the bias voltage level, while the remaining sensing transistors in the array of sensing transistors maintain coupling to the bias voltage level. The respective first node of the selected sensing transistor in the array of sensing transistors is coupled to an output node, and an output current signal is collected from the output node.