The present disclosure includes a method for determining the necessity of a measure and/or the success of a measure in the case of a sensor in a retractable assembly, comprising the steps: moving the sensor in the direction of a service chamber of the retractable assembly; analyzing an attribute associated with the sensor, wherein the attribute is a state of at least a portion of the surface of the sensor and/or composition of a medium in the service chamber; and deriving measures from the analysis. The present disclosure also includes a system comprising a retractable assembly having a sensor and a corresponding analysis device.

A heavy metal detector includes a housing composed of a top cover and a base, and a main machine and an electrolysis module arranged in the housing, wherein the main machine includes a main machine circuit, and the main machine circuit includes a main controller, a power supply module, a signal acquisition and processing module, an electrolysis module interface and a signal conversion module. The electrolysis module interface is configured to connect the electrolysis module and the signal acquisition and processing module; the signal acquisition and processing module is configured to receive a characteristic electrical signal output by the electrolysis module, and output a detection result to the main controller; and the main controller displays the detection result on a display module. Multiple electrolysis module interfaces are provided. The base is provided with a plurality of electrolysis module installation ports and stirring devices corresponding to the electrolysis module installation ports.

A compact microelectronic gas sensor module includes electrical contacts formed in such a way that they do not consume real estate on an integrated circuit chip. Using such a design, the package can be miniaturized further. The gas sensor is packaged together with a custom-designed Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) that provides circuitry for processing sensor signals to identify gas species within a sample under test. In one example, the output signal strength of the sensor is enhanced by providing an additional metal surface area in the form of pillars exposed to an electrolytic gas sensing compound, while reducing the overall package size. In some examples, bottom side contacts are formed on the underside of the substrate on which the gas sensor is formed. Sensor electrodes may be electrically coupled to the ASIC directly, or indirectly by vias.

An electrochemical testing system, including: a testing board including: a plurality of testing wells, each well including a first well portion for holding a workpiece to be tested and bringing a first surface of the workpiece into contact with a separate working electrode lead for each testing well, a second well portion for holding a testing media and bringing a second surface of the workpiece into contact with the testing media, and a sealing mechanism for preventing contact of the testing media and the first surface of the workpiece; a media delivery system for selectively delivering the testing media into the second well portion; at least one sensing head for securing one or more electrochemical sensing elements at least one of which is adapted to form part of an electro chemical circuit with the testing media, workpiece and working electrode lead for each testing well, each testing well being electrically and physically isolated from other testing wells; testing apparatus for measuring electrochemical and/or chemical properties from the electrochemical circuit; and a motion control system for controlling relative movement of the sensing head and the plurality of testing wells so that the one or more sensing elements are selectively brought into contact with the testing media in the testing well of a selected workpiece to be tested.

An electrode joining apparatus for joining a free electrode to a fixed electrode, the fixed electrode having a top end. The apparatus can include an electrode holder configured to selectively hold the fixed electrode. A torque device can be positioned above the electrode holder, the torque device configured to grip and spin the free electrode to join the free electrode to the fixed electrode. A blowout jet can be oriented to selectively force a stream of gas toward the top end of the fixed electrode when the fixed electrode is held by the electrode holder. As such, the blowout jet can help remove dust, debris, or graphite residue on the top end of the fixed electrode before joining of the free electrode to the fixed electrode. The fixed electrode can include a threaded socket, the blow jet oriented to force the stream of gas toward the threaded socket.

A self-vibrating pH probe comprise a housing containing an electronic assembly to which is coupled a vibration source element so that at least a portion of vibrations caused by the vibration source element propagate to the electronic assembly, the vibration source element being controllable for at least on/off operation. The self-vibrating pH probe further comprising a pH probe member having a probe tip at a first end, the probe member extending from the housing and mechanically and electrically coupled by a second end to the electronic assembly so that at least a portion of vibrations propagating to the electronic assembly further propagate to the probe tip; and further including a processor coupled to the electronic assembly for coordinating operation of the vibration source element and operation of the pH probe member.

A method of measuring signals from a surface. The method comprises: placing on the surface a flexible sensing device having an array of coated electrodes, wherein at least one electrode of the array is metallic and is at least partially coated by a polymer; and collecting signals from the sensing device.

In some embodiments, an electrochemical sensing system includes a working electrode and a reference electrode. At least a portion of the working electrode includes rhodium. An electrical circuit is electronically coupled to the working electrode and the reference electrode. The electrical circuit is configured to bias the working electrode at voltage of less than about 0.4 V which is sufficient to electrochemically decompose a target analyte, and to measure a current corresponding to the concentration of the target analyte. In some embodiments, a biosensing molecule can be disposed on the working electrode and is operative to catalytically decompose a non-electroactive target analyte to yield and an electroactive by-product. In some embodiment, the reference electrode can include rhodium and its oxides.

In some embodiments, an electrochemical sensing system includes a working electrode and a reference electrode. At least a portion of the working electrode includes rhodium. An electrical circuit is electronically coupled to the working electrode and the reference electrode. The electrical circuit is configured to bias the working electrode at voltage of less than about 0.4 V which is sufficient to electrochemically decompose a target analyte, and to measure a current corresponding to the concentration of the target analyte. In some embodiments, a biosensing molecule can be disposed on the working electrode and is operative to catalytically decompose a non-electroactive target analyte to yield and an electroactive by-product. In some embodiment, the reference electrode can include rhodium and its oxides.

The presently claimed invention provides an electrochemical analytical apparatus for electrochemical bath analysis. The apparatus comprise a static electrode and a rotatable unit. As steady liquid flow can be generated on the electrolytic surface of the static electrode by the rotatable unit through rotation, the static disk electrode does not involve any movement during the bath analysis such that the design of the electrical contact in the electrode can be substantially simplified.