Systems and techniques for measuring process characteristics including electrolyte distribution in a battery cell. A non-destructive method for analyzing a battery cell includes determining acoustic features at two or more locations of the battery cell, the acoustic features based on one or more of acoustic signals travelling through at least one or more portions of the battery cell during one or more points in time or responses to the acoustic signals obtained during one or more points in time, wherein the one or more points in time correspond to one or more stages of electrolyte distribution in the battery cell. One or more characteristics of the battery cell are determined based on the acoustic features at the two or more locations of the battery cell.

A method is disclosed that permits calculation of reagent concentrations (in SI units) over time and space within a tissue sample as the sample is immersed in the reagent and the reagent diffuses into the tissue sample. The disclosed method has yielded the surprising result that once a formaldehyde concentration at all points within a tissue sample exceeds about 90 mM during a cold step of a cold+hot fixation protocol, the hot step of the fixation protocol can be commenced to provide reliable detection of molecular targets and preservation of tissue morphology in downstream analyses.

A respiratory flow therapy apparatus including a sensor module can measure a flow rate of gases or gases concentration provided to a patient. The sensor module can be located after a blower and/or mixer. The sensor module can include at least an ultrasonic transmitter, a receiver, a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, a humidity sensor and/or a flow rate sensor. The receivers can be immersed in the gases flow path. The receivers can cancel delays in the transmitters and improve accuracy of measurements of characteristics of the gases flow. The receivers can allow for detection of a fault condition in a blower motor of the apparatus.

A system and method for substantially coincidental sample takeoff flow rate verification which detects unstable flow conditions in a pipeline, terminates fluid sample analysis during flow instability, and resumes sample takeoff when a steady flow state is re-established.

A system and method for substantially coincidental sample takeoff flow rate verification which detects unstable flow conditions in a pipeline, terminates fluid sample analysis during flow instability, and resumes sample takeoff when a steady flow state is re-established.

This specification describes a leaf cell resonator sensor based on a geometry of Rhodonea conformal contours joined circumferentially in an eight-fold symmetry by central spoke electrode members. The resonator sensor may provide simultaneous and congruent measurement of fluid density and sound speed based on interaction of the leaf cell dynamics with self-formed Helmholtz cavity dilatational response of the fluid, and the associated changes in electrical admittance spectra in the sensor resulting from changes in fluid acoustic properties. A leaf cell resonator sensor may be capable of retrieving a density and sound speed measurement from fluid independent of the method of deployment, resulting from the principle of the self-formed Helmholtz resonant cavity feature that develops a standing acoustic wave pattern in the fluid without extraneous reflecting structure/hardware.

The present invention discloses a sensor system for estimating respective amounts of different molecules in a biological liquid, and the sensor system includes: an electronic circuit module and a Shear Horizontal Surface Acoustic Wave (SH-SAW) sensor, wherein the electronic circuit module has more than two different impedance matching circuits for exciting and detecting a plurality of Surface Acoustic Waves (SAWs) with different frequencies, and the SH-SAW sensor has at least one transducer and a surface on which the plurality of SAWs propagate, and wherein the surface is covered with a probe to be bound with more than two different molecules.

The present invention discloses a sensor system for estimating respective amounts of different molecules in a biological liquid, and the sensor system includes: an electronic circuit module and a Shear Horizontal Surface Acoustic Wave (SH-SAW) sensor, wherein the electronic circuit module has more than two different impedance matching circuits for exciting and detecting a plurality of Surface Acoustic Waves (SAWs) with different frequencies, and the SH-SAW sensor has at least one transducer and a surface on which the plurality of SAWs propagate, and wherein the surface is covered with a probe to be bound with more than two different molecules.

Methods and systems for characterizing multiple properties of a cement composition for use at downhole conditions using ultrasonic analysis tools are provided. In some embodiments, the methods comprise: transmitting at least a first p-wave and a second p-wave having different frequencies through a cement composition; determining velocities of the first and second p-waves through the sample; transmitting at least a third p-wave having a third frequency through the cement composition while allowing the cement composition to at least partially hydrate, wherein the third frequency is higher than the second frequency; determining at least a velocity of the third p-wave through the cement composition; based at least in part on the velocities of the p-waves, determining at least the compressibility, Poisson's ratio, Young's modulus, and shear modulus of the cement composition.

Methods and systems for characterizing multiple properties of a cement composition for use at downhole conditions using ultrasonic analysis tools are provided. In some embodiments, the methods comprise: transmitting at least a first p-wave and a second p-wave having different frequencies through a cement composition; determining velocities of the first and second p-waves through the sample; transmitting at least a third p-wave having a third frequency through the cement composition while allowing the cement composition to at least partially hydrate, wherein the third frequency is higher than the second frequency; determining at least a velocity of the third p-wave through the cement composition; based at least in part on the velocities of the p-waves, determining at least the compressibility, Poisson's ratio, Young's modulus, and shear modulus of the cement composition.