A fuel property determination apparatus for an internal combustion engine is applied to an internal combustion engine that is equipped with an ignition plug and an ignition timing controller. An electronic control unit provided in the fuel property determination apparatus executes a determination process of making a determination on a property of a fuel supplied to the internal combustion engine based on an ignition sufficiency ratio, during a predetermined period after startup of the internal combustion engine. The electronic control unit is configured to determine that the property of the fuel is heavy when a determination index value that is obtained by subjecting the ignition sufficiency ratio to a smoothing process is equal to or larger than a predetermined threshold. The electronic control unit is configured to set a smoothing coefficient to a value corresponding to each of a first period, a second period, and a third period.

Gas sensor (2) for measuring properties of a gas (1), including a gas viscosity sensor (4) comprising a gas interface portion (20) in contact with the gas (1) to be measured, and a measuring chamber system (15) comprising a measuring chamber (16), a first resistive passage (18) fluidically connecting the measuring chamber (16) to the gas interface portion (20), a pressure generator (25) configured to generate a change in pressure in the measuring chamber, and a pressure sensor (28) configured to measure a time dependent variation in pressure of gas in the measuring chamber, the time dependent variation of pressure in the measuring chamber due to flow of gas through the resistive passage being correlated to a viscosity of the gas. The gas viscosity sensor further comprises a reference chamber system (21) comprising a reference chamber and a second resistive passage (24) fluidically interconnecting the reference chamber (22) to the gas interface portion (20), the reference chamber (22) being coupled to the pressure sensor (28) of the measuring chamber such that the pressure sensor is configured to measure a differential pressure between a pressure in the measuring chamber and a pressure in the reference chamber.

Disclosed are methods, systems, and computer-readable mediums for determining combustion properties of wellhead gas. A methane concentration of a gas mixture is measured. A non-methane hydrocarbon concentration of the gas mixture is measured. An inert concentration of the gas mixture is calculated. A first surrogate for the non-methane hydrocarbon concentration is selected, where the first surrogate is selected as propane if the methane concentration is greater than a first threshold, and where the first surrogate is selected as pentane if the methane concentration is less than or equal to the first threshold. A methane number of the gas mixture is determined, where the methane number is based on the methane concentration, the first surrogate, and the inert concentration.

The invention relates to a method and a system for determining the fractions of a flowing gaseous medium that comprises a known plurality N of known components. The method comprises the steps for determining at least N−1 parameters of a flowing gaseous medium. The N−1 parameters are chosen from a group of quantities comprising mass flow, density, viscosity, and heat capacity. At least N−1 reference values are provided for each of the known N components relating to each of the determined N−1 quantities. The fraction of each of the known components of the supplied gaseous medium is determined through solving of at least N equations. The N equations comprise N−1 equations which describe each determined parameter as a function of the fraction and the reference values, plus an equation that sets the sum of the fractions so as to be equal to 100%.

An integrated sampling probe, valve and vaporiser (16) for a liquefied natural gas container is provided which comprises a vaporiser body (24) having a vaporisation chamber (66), a fluid inlet (40) in communication with the vaporisation chamber (66), a fluid outlet (58), and a vaporised-fluid flow path extending from the vaporisation chamber (66) to the fluid outlet (58). The fluid inlet (40) is formed as a critical orifice dimensioned to enable vaporisation of fluid passing into the vaporisation chamber (66), and there is a valve member (63) which is drivable to open and close the critical orifice, along with a heating assembly (50) for heating the valve member (63) to enable vaporisation of fluid passing through the critical orifice and into the vaporisation chamber (66). A sampling probe body (18) is also provided extending from the vaporiser body (24), the sampling probe body (18) having a sampling bore (36) which is in fluid communication with the fluid inlet (40).

A modular sample conditioning system formed for in-situ sampling installation, referenced herein as “source mounted”. The preferred embodiment of the present invention relates to a docking platform or substrate configured to receive multiple, diverse sampling components in various flow configurations, coupled with a unique housing/enclosure formed to engage the docking platform so as to further strengthen and stabilize the mount, the enclosure also formed to engage one or more of the mounted sampling components, so as to provide access outside of the enclosure for visibility and/or manual access of same, providing an easily installed and maintained, user-accessible, on-site modular sampling conditioning/monitoring system.

A method of selectively catalytically oxidizing dinitrogen oxide present in a gaseous sample, comprising: heating a NiO catalyst to a temperature of at least 250° C.; and bringing the gaseous sample into contact with the heated NiO catalyst to oxidize dinitrogen oxide of the gaseous sample in the presence of the heated NiO catalyst.

Provided herein is a solar powered system for a gas sampling and analysis for placement and operation remote from conventional infra-structure that utilizes a minimum of power to obtain a sample extracted from a source such as a pipeline or well-head, conditions the extracted sample, transmits the conditioned sample through vacuum jacketed tubing to an analyzer while maintaining the sample at a temperature and pressure preventing phase transition, condensation or component partitioning.

A system for on-stream sampling of pressurized process gas such as natural gas or the like, including pressurized process gas having liquid entrained therein, or otherwise referenced as “wet”. The preferred embodiment of the present invention contemplates a system for obtaining an accurate sample of process gas, as well as providing an apparatus for obtaining same.

Method for determining whether a gas sample originates from biological processes or from a gas installation being tested and containing a utility gas is characterized in that an increased concentration of hydrogen in the sample as compared to that present in the utility gas is used as evidence that the sample originates from biological decay processes and not from the gas installation under test.