A process for producing liquid transportation fuels in a petroleum refinery while avoiding the usage of crude oil feed stock that characterized by a fouling thermal resistance having the potential to foul refinery processes and equipment. Spectral data selected from NIR, NMR or both is obtained and converted to wavelets coefficients data. A genetic algorithm (or support vector machines) is then trained to recognize subtle features in the wavelet coefficients data to allow classification of crude samples into one of two groups based on fouling potential. Rapid classification of a potential crude oil feed stock according to its fouling potential prevents the utilization of feed stocks characterized by increased fouling potential in a petroleum refinery to produce liquid transportation fuels.

Monitoring apparatus for monitoring a condition of an aqueous metalworking fluid comprised of water and a lubricant, of a metalworking fluid circuit of a metalworking machine, wherein the at least one measurement element of the apparatus is remote from the metalworking fluid circuit. Method for determining a condition of a metalworking fluid, and, when required, to add water and/or lubricant to the metalworking fluid circuit.

A control method for a projector attachable to a wall via an attachment fixture includes determining whether the projector is attached to the wall, detecting oil included in air, determining, when determining that the projector is attached to the wall, based on a detection result of the oil included in the air, whether confirmation concerning the attachment of the projector is necessary, and displaying, when determining that the confirmation concerning the attachment of the projector is necessary, a confirmation image for urging the confirmation concerning the attachment of the projector on a display surface.

A control method for a projector attachable to a wall via an attachment fixture includes determining whether the projector is attached to the wall, detecting oil included in air, determining, when determining that the projector is attached to the wall, based on a detection result of the oil included in the air, whether confirmation concerning the attachment of the projector is necessary, and displaying, when determining that the confirmation concerning the attachment of the projector is necessary, a confirmation image for urging the confirmation concerning the attachment of the projector on a display surface.

A system and a method for determining one or more distillation temperatures for one or more given distillation weight percentages of a crude oil sample are provided, which can be used to produce a simulated distillation curve. Simulated distillation temperatures of crude oil samples are assigned as a function of density and data derived from direct near infrared spectroscopy measurement of the crude oil samples.

A management method of a lubricating oil of the invention is a method of managing a lubricating oil by determining a degradation degree of the lubricating oil containing an antioxidant, specifically, according to determination methods a and b below. The determination method a includes: measuring an infrared ray absorption spectrum of the lubricating oil using a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer; and calculating a total content of the antioxidant and an altered substance having an antioxidant function to determine a deterioration degree of the lubricating oil from the obtained content. The determination method b includes: filtrating the lubricating oil with a filter; subsequently measuring a color difference of substances captured by the filter using a colorimeter, or measuring a color difference of the lubricating oil using the colorimeter; and determining a degradation degree of the lubricating oil and a mixture degree of foreign substances based on the obtained color difference.

This installation (2) for following up the evolution of the basicity of a lubricant circulating in a piece of equipment (M) comprises at least one conduit (4) for circulating (F1) the lubricant, this conduit being connected, upstream, to the piece of equipment (M) and the, downstream, to a recovery pan (6) as well as at least one sensor (48) for determining the basicity index of the lubricant. The installation further comprises a first controlled valve (20) for interrupting the circulation (F1) of the lubricant in the conduit (4), a buffer tank (26) for accumulating the lubricant, a first bypass line (28) connected to the conduit (4), upstream from the first valve (20) on the one hand and to the buffer tank (26) on the other hand. The installation also comprises a second controlled valve (32) for interrupting the circulation of the lubricant in the first bypass line (28), a second line (42) for discharging the lubricant, from the buffer tank (26) to the recovery pan (6) and a third controlled valve (44) for interrupting the circulation of the lubricant in the second discharge line (42). The sensor (48) is positioned on the second discharge line (42) and allows determination of the basicity index of the lubricant at the outlet of the buffer tank (26).

An apparatus and a method are used for investigating the naphtha reforming process in catalyst test devices with reactors arranged in parallel. The apparatus has a plurality of reactors arranged in parallel with reaction chambers (R1, R2, . . . ), a product fluid supply, a process control, and at least one analysis unit. Each individual reactor has an outlet line for the product fluid stream, wherein the analysis unit is operatively connected to each outlet line for the product fluid stream and the apparatus is functionally connected to the control of the apparatus. In carrying out the method, naphtha-containing reactant fluid streams are brought into contact with catalysts in the individual reactors and the product fluid streams are subsequently supplied to the online analysis unit from the respective outlet lines of the individual reactors and analyzed. Using the evaluation of the online analytical characterization data, the process parameters of the respective reactor unit are adapted. The process steps of analytical characterization, evaluation, and adaptation of process parameters are repeated for the duration of the investigation.

An apparatus and a method are used for investigating the naphtha reforming process in catalyst test devices with reactors arranged in parallel. The apparatus has a plurality of reactors arranged in parallel with reaction chambers (R1, R2, . . . ), a product fluid supply, a process control, and at least one analysis unit. Each individual reactor has an outlet line for the product fluid stream, wherein the analysis unit is operatively connected to each outlet line for the product fluid stream and the apparatus is functionally connected to the control of the apparatus. In carrying out the method, naphtha-containing reactant fluid streams are brought into contact with catalysts in the individual reactors and the product fluid streams are subsequently supplied to the online analysis unit from the respective outlet lines of the individual reactors and analyzed. Using the evaluation of the online analytical characterization data, the process parameters of the respective reactor unit are adapted. The process steps of analytical characterization, evaluation, and adaptation of process parameters are repeated for the duration of the investigation.

An NMR-based system (10) to analyze one or more of the following: (i) crude oil property, (ii) crude oil rheology of crude oil, comprising an NMR device (11) for providing time and/or batch resolved NMR analysis and/or crude oil rheological profile, said NMR having a crude oil inflow pipe (13), and is in a fluid connection (14) with a crude oil refinery facility (12); wherein said system further comprising a computer readable medium configured to store a retrievable crude oil NMR analysis and/or crude oil rheological profile of a desired crude oil product (standard crude oil product, SCOP), thereby providing said system means to compare NMR analysis and/or crude oil theological profile of said SCOP with said time or batch resolved crude oil.