The present invention provides aqueous polymer compositions containing one or more, or, preferably, two or more markers selected from a C.sub.1-C.sub.12 alkyl phenyl ether having a formula Ph(R.sup.2).sub.m(OR.sup.1).sub.n, wherein Ph is an aromatic ring containing group having from six to nine carbon atoms, R.sup.1 is a C.sub.1-C.sub.12 alkyl group, R.sup.2 is a C.sub.1-C.sub.12 alkyl group, m is an integer of from 0 to 5, n is an integer of from 1 to 3, and (m+n) is an integer of from 1 to 6. The markers are readily detectable, such as by mass spectroscopy, upon solvent extraction and separation from the aqueous polymer compositions, or from dried or cured coatings, film or layers thereof.

The present invention provides aqueous polymer compositions containing one or more, or, preferably, two or more markers selected from a C.sub.1-C.sub.12 alkyl phenyl ether having a formula Ph(R.sup.2).sub.m(OR.sup.1).sub.n, wherein Ph is an aromatic ring containing group having from six to nine carbon atoms, R.sup.1 is a C.sub.1-C.sub.12 alkyl group, R.sup.2 is a C.sub.1-C.sub.12 alkyl group, m is an integer of from 0 to 5, n is an integer of from 1 to 3, and (m+n) is an integer of from 1 to 6. The markers are readily detectable, such as by mass spectroscopy, upon solvent extraction and separation from the aqueous polymer compositions, or from dried or cured coatings, film or layers thereof.

A method for determining the thickness of a plurality of coating layers, the method comprising: performing a calibration analysis on calibration data to determine initial values and search limits of optical parameters of said plurality of coating layers, irradiating the said plurality of layers with a pulse of THz radiation, said pulse comprising a plurality of frequencies in the range from 0.01 THz to 10 THz; detecting the reflected radiation to produce a sample response said sample response being derived from the reflected radiation; producing a synthesised waveform using the optical parameters and predetermined initial thicknesses of said layers; and varying said thicknesses and varying said optical parameters within the said search limits to minimise the error measured between the sample response and the synthesised waveform; and outputting the thicknesses of the layers.

A method for determining the thickness of a plurality of coating layers, the method comprising: performing a calibration analysis on calibration data to determine initial values and search limits of optical parameters of said plurality of coating layers, irradiating the said plurality of layers with a pulse of THz radiation, said pulse comprising a plurality of frequencies in the range from 0.01 THz to 10 THz; detecting the reflected radiation to produce a sample response said sample response being derived from the reflected radiation; producing a synthesised waveform using the optical parameters and predetermined initial thicknesses of said layers; and varying said thicknesses and varying said optical parameters within the said search limits to minimise the error measured between the sample response and the synthesised waveform; and outputting the thicknesses of the layers.

Disclosed herein is a computer-implemented method for providing application adaption parameters to compensate for an influence of a given target paint application process on a color matching method and/or to consider an influence of a given target paint application process within a color predicting method.

Disclosed herein is a computer-implemented method for providing application adaption parameters to compensate for an influence of a given target paint application process on a color matching method and/or to consider an influence of a given target paint application process within a color predicting method.

Inks for direct food contact with wide colour gamut and good physical resistance properties, and methods for identifying such inks, for printing such inks, and for packaging foodstuffs with materials printed with such inks.

Inks for direct food contact with wide colour gamut and good physical resistance properties, and methods for identifying such inks, for printing such inks, and for packaging foodstuffs with materials printed with such inks.

In a method for operating an inkjet printing machine, a condition of an ink is determined. A sedimentation and/or agglomeration of a pigmented ink is determined by refractometry, i.e. the value of the refractive index of the ink is measured with a refractometer and compared with a stored value with computer assistance.

In a method for operating an inkjet printing machine, a condition of an ink is determined. A sedimentation and/or agglomeration of a pigmented ink is determined by refractometry, i.e. the value of the refractive index of the ink is measured with a refractometer and compared with a stored value with computer assistance.