The present invention relates to a amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) diagnostic composition using acid sphingomyelinase (ASM), and a method for detecting diagnostic markers and, more specifically, to a method and a composition for detecting markers for ALS, the method comprising the steps of: (a) providing a sample of a subject; (b) measuring the ASM expression level or the enzyme activation level in the sample; (c) determining that a subject, of which the ASM expression level or the enzyme activation level is increased compared to that of a normal person, has ALS. According to the investigation of the present inventors, the activity of ASM, among lipids and enzymes related to the sphingolipid metabolism, is specifically increased in a sample of an ALS patient compared to that of a normal person. ASM can be used as a marker for diagnosing ALS, thereby enabling the development of a novel and effective diagnostic reagent.

The present invention relates to biomarkers and diagnostic and prognostic methods for Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders. The invention also provides compositions for detecting the biomarker as well as compositions and methods useful for treating Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders.

Aspects of the present disclosure relate to methods for detecting tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 3 (TN-FAIP3) in a sample from a subject having or at risk for myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody associated diseases (MOG-AAD) or a relapse thereof.

A method of detecting myelin in vivo in a subject's tissue including administering to the subject a radioligand having formula (I) and detecting the location, distribution, and/or amount of the radioligand that is bound to and/or labels myelin to detect myelin in the tissue.

The invention relates to methods and products for the identification of a clinically significant immune response in subjects treated with a therapeutic protein. Aspects of the invention relate to methods and compositions for identifying a clinically significant immune response in patients treated with therapeutic amounts of a VLA4 binding antibody (e.g., natalizumab).

Disclosed are methods of detecting abnormal expression of one or more genes associated with a neurological disease such as the Alexander disease, the Alzheimer's disease, the Parkinson disease, the Huntington disease, multiple sclerosis, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The methods include performing a transcriptome analysis of the astrocytes derived from a patient and the astrocytes derived from a healthy control subject, thereby to determine one or more genes that are substantially differentially expressed. Also disclosed are methods of treating a neurological disease by correcting the abnormally expressed genes associated with the neurological disease.

The disclosure provides a method of predicting the onset of clinical manifestations of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in a human, the method comprising (a) measuring phosphorylated neurofilament heavy chain (pNfH) and/or neurofilament light chain (NfL) levels in a subject, and (b) predicting the onset of ALS, wherein increased levels of pNfH and/or NfL signal the onset of clinical manifestations of ALS.

Methods for treating, or reducing risk of developing, seasonal worsening of multiple sclerosis (MS) in a subject who has MS, comprising administering a melatonin agonist to a subject.

The invention provides methods of diagnosing and treating multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, including methods of identifying and treating multiple sclerosis patients who are at increased risk of developing a secondary autoimmune disease following lymphocyte depletion, caused, e.g., by treatment with an anti-CD52 antibody. Also embraced are methods of selecting treatment regimens for MS patients, and reagents useful in the above methods.

The presently claimed invention relates to materials and methods for diagnosing a chronic inflammatory disease in a patient comprising testing a biological sample from the patient for a level of a first neurovascular biomarker of lymphatic activation and diagnosing the patient as having the chronic inflammatory disease if the tested level of the first neurovascular biomarker of lymphatic activation is less than a first normal level.