The invention relates to a combination of biomarkers and their use in brain injury or mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) detection. The invention also relates to methods of treating the individual diagnosed with a traumatic brain injury (TBI) or a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) using such biomarkers.

The present invention provides compositions and methods for detecting components of the inflammasome in a sample from a subject as markers for brain injuries such as multiple sclerosis, stroke or traumatic brain injury. Methods of using such inflammasome markers to determine prognosis, direct treatment and monitor response to treatment for the subject with a brain injury such as multiple sclerosis, stroke, mild cognitive impairment or traumatic brain injury are also described.

The invention relates to a combination or panel of HIE-relevant protein and/or microRNA (miRNA) biomarkers that are released from injured tissues into biofluids such as blood in HIE, and their use as markers for detection of HIE. A selected panel of blood-based protein and/or miRNA HIE biomarkers that are measured at more than one time interval can aid in the diagnosis of HIE severity, and to determine the prognosis of poor versus good cognitive or overall patient outcome.

Disclosed are a peripheral blood marker for cerebral hemorrhage and an application thereof. The peripheral blood marker is a peripheral blood protein belonging to leucine-rich repeat (LRR) protein family. The peripheral blood protein is leucine-rich α2-glycoprotein-1 (LRG1). This disclosure further provides a method for diagnosing the cerebral hemorrhage.

The present disclosure relates to compositions and methods useful for assessing the efficacy in a patient having suffered from intracranial hemorrhage while undergoing an anticoagulation treatment with a factor Xa (fXa) inhibitor. The method can include administering to the patient a fXa derivative that has reduced catalytic activity as compared to the wild-type fXa protein, is capable of binding to the factor Xa inhibitor and cannot assemble into a prothrombinase complex; obtaining a blood sample from the patient following the administration; and measuring an anti-fXa activity in the sample, wherein the anti-fXa activity reflects the hemostatic efficacy in the patient. Once the assessment is made, suitable medical interventions can be implemented.

Tools for identifying risk of cerebral edema in a stroke patient are provided and include a method that involves identifying risk of cerebral edema when cytokines and chemokines are detected in a systemic blood sample from the subject.

The invention is directed to methods for identifying and treating neuronal injury or neurodegeneration.

The invention relates to methods for providing prognosis, diagnosis, and treatment of a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) in a computed tomography (CT)-negative subject. The invention further relates to monitoring the severity of brain damage resulting from TBI in a subject and determining the prognosis of a subject that has suffered from mTBI. This invention also relates to methods of predicting who is at risk for developing brain damage and long-term dysfunction.

The present invention pertains to: a marker composition for diagnosing atherosclerosis severity; a composition for diagnosing atherosclerosis severity; an atherosclerosis severity diagnosis kit including the composition; a method for screening substances for preventing or treating atherosclerosis; and a method for providing information about a diagnosis of atherosclerosis severity, wherein LGI3 expression or activity levels are used. According to the present invention, the severity of atherosclerosis can be diagnosed or predicted, and personalized medicine and predictive medicine can be practiced using such information. Moreover, the present invention can treat atherosclerosis without affecting other metabolic phenotypes by administering an LGI3 antagonist.

Disclosed herein are methods, and kits for use in said methods, that aid in the diagnosis and evaluation of a subject that has sustained an orthopedic injury and sustained or may have sustained an injury to the head, such as mild traumatic brain injury (TBI), using ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), or a combination thereof. Also disclosed herein are methods, and kits for use in said methods, that aid in determining whether a subject that has sustained an orthopedic injury and sustained or may have sustained an injury to the head would benefit from and thus receive an imaging procedure, such as MRI or head computerized tomography (CT) scan based on the levels of GFAP and/or UCH-L1. These methods involve detecting levels and changes in levels of GFAP and/or UCH-L1 in biological samples taken from a subject at time points within 48 hours after the subject has sustained or may have sustained an injury to the head.